Federal Court of Australia
FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA
C V Sheepvaartonderneming Ankergracht v Stemcor (A/sia) Pty Limited [2007] FCAFC 77 SHIPPING AND NAVIGATION – carriage of goods by sea – liability for damage to steel coils by corrosion before or during voyage – effect of amended Hague Rules as defined in s 7 of Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1991 (Cth) – whether vessel unseaworthy for voyage from northern winter to southern hemisphere summer because not fitted with dehumidifiers – seaworthiness – cargoworthiness – whether carriers established exercise of due diligence – whether carrier failed to carry, keep and care for coils properly and carefully – effect of ventilation of non-hygroscopic cargoes during voyage – application of dew point rule – whether packaging of steel coils sufficient – effect of evidence of standard industry practice of wrapping steel coils – whether carriers established inherent defect, quality or vice. Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1991 (Cth) ss 7, 17
AE Reed & Co Ltd v Page Son & East Limited [1927] 1 KB 743cited Albacora S.R.L. v Westcott and Laurance Line Ltd [1966] 2 Lloyd's Rep 53 considered BHP Trading Asia Ltd v Oceaname Shipping Ltd (1996) 67 FCR 211 cited Burges v Wickham (1863) 3 B & S 669 cited El Greco (Australia) Pty Ltd v Mediterranean Shipping Co SA [2004] FCAFC 202 cited Eridania S.p.A. v Rudolf A Oetkeer (The 'Fjord Wind') [2000] 2 Lloyd's Rep 191cited F C Bradley & Sons Ltd v Federal Steam Navigation Co Ltd (1926) 24 Ll. L. Rep 446 cited FC Bradley & Sons Ltd v Federal Steam Navigation Co Ltd (1927) 27 Ll. L. Rep 395 discussed Gamlen Chemical Co (A'Asia) Pty Ltd v Shipping Corporation of India Ltd [1978] 2 NSWLR 12 referred to GH Renton & Co v Palmyra Trading Corporation of Panama [1957] AC 149 cited Grand Champion Tankers Ltd v Norpipe A/S (The Marion) [1984] 1 AC 563cited Great China Metal Industries Co Ltd v Malaysian International Shipping Corporation Berhad (1998) 196 CLR 161 applied Huddart Parker Ltd v Cotter (1942) 66 CLR 624cited Maxine Footwear Co Ltd v Canadian Government Merchant Marine Ltd [1959] AC 589 cited McFadden v Blue Star Lines Ltd [1905] 1 KB 697referred to Mitsui & Co Ltd v Novorossiysk Shipping Co ('The Gudermes') [1991] 1 Lloyds Rep 456 cited Northern Shipping Co v Deutsche Seereederei G.m.b.H. (The 'Kapitan Sakharov') [2000] 2 Lloyd's Rep 255 cited Owners of Cargo on Ship 'Maori King' v Hughes [1895] 2 QB 550cited Papera Traders Co Ltd v Hyundai Merchant Marine Co Ltd (The 'Eurasian Dream') [2002] 1 Lloyd's Rep 692cited Riverstone Meat Co Pty Ltd v Lancashire Shipping Co Ltd [1961] AC 807 cited Rogers v Whitaker (1992) 175 CLR 479 cited Sanko Steamship Co Ltd v Sumitomo Australia Ltd (No 2) (1995) 63 FCR 227 cited Shipping Corporation of India Ltd v Gamlen Chemical Co (A'Asia) Pty Ltd (1980) 147 CLR 142 questioned Silver v Ocean Steam Ship Co [1930] 1 KB 416 considered Steel v State Line Steamship Co (1877) 3 App Cas 72cited Tattersall v National Steamship Company Limited (1884) 12 QBD 297 cited The Benlawers [1989] 2 Lloyd's Rep 51 cited The Good Friend [1984] 2 Lloyd's Rep 586 cited The TJ Hooper v Northern Barge Corporation 60 F2d 737 (CA2: 1932) cited Wabash Railway Co v McDaniels 107 US 454 (1882)cited Waterwell Shipping Inc v HIH Casualty & General Insurance Ltd (1997) Aust Torts Reports §81-444 cited Boyd SC and Burrows AS, Scrutton on Charterparties and Bills of Lading (20th ed, Sweet & Maxwell, 1996) Sparks A, Steel Carriage by Sea (4th ed, MPG Books Ltd, 2003) Tenterden's Law of Merchant Ships (11th ed, Shaw & Sons, 1867, edited by Shee J) Treitel G and Reynolds FMB, Carver on Bills of Lading (Sweet & Maxwell, 2001)
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