Lactos Fresh Pty Ltd v Finishing Services Pty Ltd (No 2) [2006] FCA 748

FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

Lactos Fresh Pty Ltd v Finishing Services Pty Ltd (No 2) [2006] FCA 748 RESTITUTION – action for money had and received on the basis of compulsion – whether action adequately pleaded by referring to factual background and "unjust enrichment" – relevance of "windfall" benefit to applicant if restitution ordered – whether threat to evict tenant, when landlord has no right under lease to do so, constitutes compulsion – whether compulsion can be established if interlocutory injunctive relief available PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE – application for leave to amend pleading after judgment given but before final orders pronounced – whether pleading could have been amended at an earlier stage – relevance of strength of case PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE – costs – whethercostsshouldbe apportioned when applicant successful upon only one of many claims – whether second respondent entitled to indemnity costs

Federal Court Act 1976 (Cth), ss 31A, 43 and 51A(1)(a) Federal Court Rules, O 38(1) Air India v Commonwealth [1977] 1 NSWLR 449 discussed Antaios Compania Naviera SA v Salen Rederierna AB (The Antaios) [1985] AC 191 referred to Baltic Shipping Company v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 cited Colgate-Palmolive Company v Cussons Pty Limited (1993) 46 FCR 225 discussed Cretazzo v Lombardi (1975) 13 SASR 4 referred to David Securities Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of Australia (1992) 175 CLR 353 discussed Dr Martens Australia Pty Ltd v Figgins Holdings Pty Ltd (No 2) [2000] FCA 602 cited EMCL Pty Ltd v Esanda Finance Corporation Ltd (No 2) (1998) 160 ALR 382 cited Esso Australia Resources Ltd v Gas and Fuel Corporation of Victoria [1993] 2 VR 99 discussed White Industries (Qld) Pty Ltd v Flower & Hart (1988) 156 ALR 169 cited General Steel Industries Inc v Commissioner for Railways (NSW) (1964) 112 CLR 125 referred to GR Mailman & Associates Pty Ltd v Wormald (Aust) Pty Ltd (1991) 24 NSWLR 80 cited Hughes v Western Australia Cricket Association (Inc) (1986) ATPR 40-748 discussed Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw (No 2) [2006] FCA 383 referred to Keddie v Foxall [1955] VLR 320 referred to Lakatoi Universal Pty Ltd v LA Walker [2000] NSWSC 561 cited Maggbury Pty Limited v Hafele Australia Pty Limited (2001) 210 CLR 181 referred to Mannai Investment Co Ltd v Eagle Star Life Assurance Co Ltd [1997] AC 749 cited Mason v New South Wales (1959) 102 CLR 108 discussed McCormick v Riverwood International (Australia) Pty Ltd [2000] FCA 32 referred to McKay v National Australia Bank Ltd [1998] 4 VR 677 discussed Moses v Macferlan (1760) 97 ER 676 discussed Ovidio v Carrideo Nominees Pty Ltd v The Dog Depot Pty Ltd [2006] VSCA 6 discussed Pasen v Buy-Rite Discounts Pty Ltd (1992) V ConvR ¶54-431 discussed Pavey & Matthews Pty Ltd v Paul (1987) 162 CLR 221 discussed Re Elgindata Ltd (No 2) [1993] 1 All ER 232 referred to Ritter v Godfrey[1920] 2 KB 47 referred to Roxborough v Rothmans of Pall Mall Australia Limited (2001) 208 CLR 516 discussed Telstra Corporation Ltd v First Netcom Pty Ltd [1998] FCA 656 referred to Thorne v Doug Wade Consultants Pty Ltd [1985] VR 476 referred to Trade Practices Commission v Nicholas Enterprises Pty Ltd (1979) 28 ALR 201 referred to United Scientific Holdings Ltd v Burnley Borough Council [1978] AC 904 discussed Vickery v JJP Custodians Pty Ltd(2002) 11 BPR 20 cited