FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA SZLPH v Minister for Immigration & Citizenship [2008] FCA 744 SZLPH v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2008] FMCA 342 considered SZHUS v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2007] FCA 64 cited SZHVP v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2006] FCA 1360 cited NBLH v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 209 cited Re Luck (2003) 203 ALR 1 cited Rana v University of South Australia (2004) 136 FCR 344 cited SZKCV v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 1201 cited Bienstein v Bienstein (2003) 195 ALR 225cited SZDGN v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2004] FCA 1543 cited Décor Corporation Pty Ltd v Dart Industries Inc (1991) 33 FCR 397 cited VAAC v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 129 FCR 168 cited O'Brien v Komesaroff (1982) 150 CLR 310 cited Coulton v Holcombe (1986) 162 CLR 1 cited SJSB v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FCAFC 225cited SZFLM v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 863 considered SZJHM v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FMCA 1847 cited SZKTR v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 1767 cited Foroghi v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 1875 considered CCC v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 682 considered SZLPH v MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AND CITIZENSHIP AND REFUGEE REVIEW TRIBUNAL NSD 438 OF 2008 WEINBERG J 22 MAY 2008 SYDNEY IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA NEW SOUTH WALES DISTRICT REGISTRY NSD 438 OF 2008 ON APPEAL FROM THE FEDERAL MAGISTRATES COURT OF AUSTRALIA BETWEEN: SZLPH Applicant AND: MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AND CITIZENSHIP First Respondent REFUGEE REVIEW TRIBUNAL Second Respondent JUDGE: WEINBERG J DATE OF ORDER: 22 MAY 2008 WHERE MADE: SYDNEY THE COURT ORDERS THAT: 1. Leave to appeal be refused. 2. The application be dismissed. 3. The applicant pay the first respondent's costs, to be taxed in default of agreement. Note: Settlement and entry of orders is dealt with in Order 36 of the Federal Court Rules. IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA NEW SOUTH WALES DISTRICT REGISTRY NSD 438 OF 2008 ON APPEAL FROM THE FEDERAL MAGISTRATES COURT OF AUSTRALIA BETWEEN: SZLPH Applicant AND: MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AND CITIZENSHIP First Respondent REFUGEE REVIEW TRIBUNAL Second Respondent JUDGE: WEINBERG J DATE: 22 MAY 2008 PLACE: SYDNEY REASONS FOR JUDGMENT INTRODUCTION 1 This is an application for leave to appeal against orders made by Scarlett FM on 3 March 2008: SZLPH v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2008] FMCA 342. Pursuant to r 44.12(1)(a) of the Federal Magistrates Court Rules 2001 (Cth) ("the FMC Rules"), his Honour dismissed an application for review of a decision of the Refugee Review Tribunal ("the RRT") delivered on 11 October 2007. 2 The requirement for leave arises under s 24(1A) of the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 (Cth) ("the Federal Court Act"). Under section 24(1)(d), the Federal Court has jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals from judgments of the Federal Magistrates Court exercising original jurisdiction under a law of the Commonwealth, such as the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) ("the Act"). However, an appeal shall not be brought from such a judgment if it is interlocutory unless the Federal Court or a Judge gives leave to appeal: s 24(1A) of the Federal Court Act. 3 The applicant also seeks an order dispensing with compliance with O 52 r 5(2) of the Federal Court Rules 1979 (Cth) ("the Federal Court Rules"). BACKGROUND 4 The applicant is a citizen of Pakistan who claims to fear persecution by reason of his political opinion. On 13 February 2006 he lodged an application for a protection visa. A delegate of the respondent Minister refused that application on 22 March 2006. The applicant applied to the RRT for review of that decision on 17 July 2007. By letter dated 21 August 2007, the RRT wrote to the applicant advising him that it was unable to make a decision in his favour on the information before it. The RRT invited the applicant to attend a hearing scheduled for 20 September 2007. On 14 September 2007 the applicant advised the RRT that he did not wish to give oral evidence and consented instead to his application being decided on the papers. 5 On 20 September 2007 the RRT affirmed the delegate's decision refusing to grant the applicant a protection visa. Because of the lack of detail in the applicant's claims, the RRT was not satisfied that they were credible such that he might be at risk of persecution if he were to return to Pakistan. 6 On 11 October 2007 the RRT wrote to the applicant notifying him of the outcome of its decision. Relevantly, its letter recorded: "STATEMENT OF DECISION The Tribunal has decided that you are not entitled to a protection visa. …" 7 Attached to the letter was a copy of the RRT's decision record. Regrettably, the final page contained a clerical error. The RRT soon realised this and corrected it by corrigendum signed on 18 October 2007 and sent to the applicant by registered post on the same date. 8 The applicant sought judicial review of the RRT's decision by application filed in the Federal Magistrates Court on 2 November 2007 and amended on 4 January 2008. 9 Pursuant to orders made by consent on 10 December 2007, the Federal Magistrates Court convened a show cause hearing on 3 March 2008. On that date, Scarlett FM delivered an ex tempore judgment, ordering, inter alia, that the application be dismissed pursuant to r 44.12 (1)(a) of the FMC Rules. FEDERAL MAGISTRATE'S DECISION 10 In concluding that no arguable case for relief had been demonstrated, his Honour found (at [25]) that the RRT, upon realising the clerical error that it made when sending the decision, corrected it with a corrigendum making the decision perfectly clear. He accepted (at [26]) that neither of the applicant's two grounds established an arguable case of jurisdictional error. Accordingly, it was appropriate to order that the application be dismissed. APPLICATION TO THIS COURT 11 Rule 44.12(2) of the FMC Rules expressly provides that, to avoid doubt, a dismissal of an application for relief by the Federal Magistrates Court under r 44.12(1)(a) is interlocutory. The FMC Rules bind Federal Magistrates but cannot bind this Court. See SZHUS v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2007] FCA 64 at [2] although compare the reliance placed upon the provisions of the FMC Rules in SZHVP v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2006] FCA 1360 at [3] and NBLH v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 209 at [1]. 12 However, the application of general principles concerning the nature of interlocutory judgments establishes that dismissal pursuant to r 44.12(2) is interlocutory in nature. See Re Luck (2003) 203 ALR 1 and Rana v University of South Australia (2004) 136 FCR 344, as cited in SZKCV v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 1201 per Jessup J at [3]. The test whether an order is interlocutory or final is whether the order made finally determines the legal rights of the parties in the principal proceeding before the Court: Bienstein v Bienstein (2003) 195 ALR 225. Regard must be had to the legal, as distinct from the practical, effect of the judgment: SZDGN v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2004] FCA 1543 at [3] per Lindgren J. It is clear, in my view, that Scarlett FM's decision to dismiss the application on the basis that it disclosed no arguable case for the relief sought must be regarded, as the authorities stand, as interlocutory. 13 The applicant has therefore correctly sought the leave of this Court to appeal: s 24(1A) of the Federal Court Act. 14 In Décor Corporation Pty Ltd v Dart Industries Inc (1991) 33 FCR 397, the Full Court held that leave to appeal from an interlocutory judgment required the applicant to show that there was sufficient doubt as to the correctness of the judgment below to warrant reconsideration and, further, that if that judgment was assumed to be wrong, substantial injustice would be suffered by the applicant were leave to be refused. 15 Rule 44.12 of the FMC Rules deals with the conduct of a show cause hearing. That rule provides that at such a hearing the Federal Magistrates Court may, if it is not satisfied that the applicant has raised an arguable case for relief, summarily dismiss the application. 16 In the present application for leave, the Minister submitted that the applicant had failed to show any doubt as to the correctness of the judgment below and had also failed to show that he would suffer substantial injustice if leave to appeal were refused. DRAFT NOTICE OF APPEAL 17 The draft notice of appeal, attached to the present application for leave to appeal, contains three proposed grounds of appeal. Ground 1 18 Ground 1 is in the following terms: "That the Learned Federal Magistrate simply endorsed the decision of the RRT. The RRT has totally ignored the requirements of s 36(2) read with section 422B and as such has committed the Jurisdictional and legal errors." 19 This ground was not raised before the Federal Magistrate. The Minister submitted that his Honour could not be said to have erred by reference to a ground not agitated before him. 20 In any event, the Minister submitted, it would not be in the interests of justice for this new ground to be entertained now because it had no prospect of success: see VAAC v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 129 FCR 168 at [26]-[27]; O'Brien v Komesaroff (1982) 150 CLR 310 at 319; and Coulton v Holcombe (1986) 162 CLR 1 at 7. The Minister submitted that the proposed ground contained nothing more than an unparticularised assertion that the RRT had "totally ignored the requirements of s 36(2) read with s 422B". Such a complaint was meaningless given that neither of these provisions imposed any mandatory obligations upon the RRT. 21 The Minister submitted that the RRT was not able to be satisfied that the applicant met the s 36(2) criteria for the grant of a protection visa. Therefore it had no option but to refuse to grant him such a visa: SJSB v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FCAFC 225 at [15]. 22 The Minister added that to the extent that this ground was intended to allege a failure by the RRT to comply with one or more of its statutory obligations under Div 4 of Pt 7 of the Act (s 422B of which provides represents an exhaustive statement of the natural justice hearing rule), the RRT had complied with those obligations, including those pursuant to ss 425 and 425A of the Act. Ground 2 23 Ground 2 is in the following terms: "That the decision of the RRT says that the applicant satisfies the criterion for refugee visain [sic] conclusion of the statement of decision, the RRT remitted back the case to the department. After a few weeks times the appellant was notified by another decision which is quite different to the decision made on 11/10/2007, which really requires the judicial inference [sic] of this honourable Court to meet the ends of justice." 24 The Minister submitted that no arguable jurisdictional error arose by reason of the fact that the RRT's decision record, as initially sent to the applicant on 11 October 2007, contained a clerical error, and the Federal Magistrate was correct in so finding. 25 The Minister further submitted that the RRT's obligation to send the applicant a copy of the decision was not one which could impact upon the validity of the decision itself. That was because the decision had already been made. 26 In SZFLM v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 863 (recently applied in SZJHM v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FMCA 1847 and SZKTR v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 1767), Madgwick J considered whether the RRT's failure to send the appellant a complete copy of its reasons for decision, in breach of s 430B(6) of the Act, amounted to a reviewable error. The copy of the decision sent to the appellant was missing page five, which set out the RRT's reasons. The incomplete decision record was therefore sufficient to notify the appellant of what decision had been made but not why. 27 Madgwick J upheld the decision of the Federal Magistrate, who found that the failure to comply with s 430B(6) did not result in a reviewable error. The Federal Magistrate concluded that compliance with s 430B(6) was not a condition that had to be met in order for there to be a lawful decision under the Act. It was a separate statutory obligation, breach of which would have consequences in relation to the running of the statutory time periods within which the applicant had to lodge a judicial review application, but went no further than that. 28 No such issue arose in the present application. Here, the RRT complied with s 430B by issuing a corrigendum to its decision, making it explicitly clear that the review had been determined adversely to the applicant. Contrary to the applicant's written submissions filed with the Court, the corrigendum was not a second or separate decision of the RRT. 29 The authorities dealing with errors of a typographical nature are also relevant. In particular, the Minister drew my attention to the observations of Marshall J in Foroghi v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 1875 where his Honour stated (at [48]): "Occasionally the RRT, like other decision-makers, delivers reasons for decision without 100% proof reading. Occasionally mistakes are not discovered even when the best proof readers have examined draft reasons. The existence of typographical error is best acknowledged rather than attempted to be exploited; see CCC v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 682." 30 In Foroghi, the RRT wrongly referred to the applicant (rather than another person) as being dead. In CCC v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 682, a judgment also delivered by Marshall J, the RRT had made a typographical error in omitting the word 'not' from its finding as follows: "...the Tribunal is satisfied that there is a real chance that [CCC] faces persecution for reason of her race, should she return to Sri Lanka." 31 Marshall J said in CCC, at [29]: "I see no reason to defy commonsense by not observing that a typographical error was made. I would read in the word 'not' prior to the word 'satisfied' in the sentence quoted above." 32 These observations are relevant to the present application. No arguable jurisdictional error arose out of the clerical error which the RRT made. That error was not capable of affecting the exercise of its jurisdiction. Ground 3 33 Ground 3 is in the following terms: "That the Respondents have failed to assess the claims made by the appellant as per the refugee law as laid down by the hand book of the UNHCR. The real threat to the life of the Appellant was not considered in the instant case." 34 This ground may be indicative of a misconception on the part of the applicant of the function of the Federal Magistrates Court. If so, it may be described as a challenge to the refusal of Scarlett FM to enter into merits review of the RRT's decision. Plainly, merits review is impermissible and no part of the function of the Court when dealing with an application for judicial review. CONCLUSION 35 No arguable error on the part of the RRT or of the Federal Magistrates Court has been demonstrated. That of itself would lead to this application for leave to appeal being refused. 36 However, I should add for the sake of completeness, that the applicant did not attend Court when this matter was called on this afternoon. The Minister submitted that I could exercise the power conferred by O 32 r 2(1)(c) of the Federal Court Rules, and dismiss the application for that reason. Alternatively, pursuant to O 32 r 2(1)(d), I could hear the application in the applicant's absence. I consider it appropriate to deal with the matter more fully because detailed written submissions have been filed by both parties. 37 The application for leave to appeal is refused with costs. I certify that the preceding thirty-seven (37) numbered paragraphs are a true copy of the Reasons for Judgment herein of the Honourable Justice Weinberg Associate: Dated: 23May 2008 There was no appearance for the applicant Counsel for the First Respondent: Ms K.N. Hooper Solicitor for the First Respondent: DLA Phillips Fox Date of Hearing: 22 May 2008 Date of Judgment: 23 May 2008