Statement of Principles concerning malignant neoplasm of the cervix (Balance of Probabilities) (No. 81 of 2020) made under subsection 196B(3) of the Veterans' Entitlements Act 1986 Compilation No. 1 Compilation date: 19 September 2022 Includes amendments up to: Veterans' Entitlements (Statements of Principles—definition of "one pack-year") Amendment Determination 2022 (No. 94 of 2022) (F2022L01128) The day of commencement of this Amendment Determination is 19 September 2022. About this compilation This compilation This is a compilation of the Statement of Principles concerning malignant neoplasm of the cervix (Balance of Probabilities) (No. 81 of 2020) that shows the text of the law as amended and in force on 19 September 2022. The notes at the end of this compilation (the endnotes) include information about amending laws and the amendment history of provisions of the compiled law. Uncommenced amendments The effect of uncommenced amendments is not shown in the text of the compiled law. Any uncommenced amendments affecting the law are accessible on the Legislation Register (www.legislation.gov.au). The details of amendments made up to, but not commenced at, the compilation date are underlined in the endnotes. For more information on any uncommenced amendments, see the series page on the Legislation Register for the compiled law. Application, saving and transitional provisions for provisions and amendments If the operation of a provision or amendment of the compiled law is affected by an application, saving or transitional provision that is not included in this compilation, details are included in the endnotes. Modifications If the compiled law is modified by another law, the compiled law operates as modified but the modification does not amend the text of the law. Accordingly, this compilation does not show the text of the compiled law as modified. For more information on any modifications, see the series page on the Legislation Register for the compiled law. Self‑repealing provisions If a provision of the compiled law has been repealed in accordance with a provision of the law, details are included in the endnotes. Contents 1 Name 3 Authority 5 Application 6 Definitions 7 Kind of injury, disease or death to which this Statement of Principles relates 8 Basis for determining the factors 9 Factors that must exist 10 Relationship to service 11 Factors referring to an injury or disease covered by another Statement of Principles Schedule 1 - Dictionary 1 Definitions Endnotes Endnote 1—About the endnotes Endnote 2—Abbreviation key Endnote 3—Legislation history Endnote 4—Amendment history 1 Name This is the Statement of Principles concerning malignant neoplasm of the cervix (Balance of Probabilities) (No. 81 of 2020). 3 Authority This instrument is made under subsection 196B(3) of the Veterans' Entitlements Act 1986. 5 Application This instrument applies to a claim to which section 120B of the VEA or section 339 of the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004 applies. 6 Definitions The terms defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary have the meaning given when used in this instrument. 7 Kind of injury, disease or death to which this Statement of Principles relates (1) This Statement of Principles is about malignant neoplasm of the cervix and death from malignant neoplasm of the cervix. Meaning of malignant neoplasm of the cervix (2) For the purposes of this Statement of Principles, malignant neoplasm of the cervix: (a) means a primary invasive carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma in situ or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3, arising from the cells of the cervix uteri; and (b) includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and adenosquamous carcinoma; and (c) excludes: (i) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 1 or 2; (ii) malignant melanoma and melanoma in situ; (iii) neuroendocrine tumours; and (iv) soft tissue sarcoma, adenosarcoma, carcinosarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. (3) While malignant neoplasm of the cervix attracts ICD‑10‑AM code C53 or D06, in applying this Statement of Principles the meaning of malignant neoplasm of the cervix is that given in subsection (2). (4) For subsection (3), a reference to an ICD-10-AM code is a reference to the code assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM), Tenth Edition, effective date of 1 July 2017, copyrighted by the Independent Hospital Pricing Authority, ISBN 978-1-76007-296-4. Death from malignant neoplasm of the cervix (5) For the purposes of this Statement of Principles, malignant neoplasm of the cervix, in relation to a person, includes death from a terminal event or condition that was contributed to by the person's malignant neoplasm of the cervix. Note: terminal event is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary. 8 Basis for determining the factors On the sound medical‑scientific evidence available, the Repatriation Medical Authority is of the view that it is more probable than not that malignant neoplasm of the cervix and death from malignant neoplasm of the cervix can be related to relevant service rendered by veterans or members of the Forces under the VEA, or members under the MRCA. Note: MRCA, relevant service and VEA are defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary. 9 Factors that must exist At least one of the following factors must exist before it can be said that, on the balance of probabilities, malignant neoplasm of the cervix or death from malignant neoplasm of the cervix is connected with the circumstances of a person's relevant service: (1) having a persistent infection of the cervical epithelium with a specified human papillomavirus before the clinical onset of malignant neoplasm of the cervix; Note: persistent infection and specified human papillomavirus are defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary. (2) having infection with human immunodeficiency virus before the clinical onset of malignant neoplasm of the cervix; (3) for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix only, having smoked at least 20 pack-years of tobacco products, at least two years before the clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, and where smoking has ceased, the clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix has occurred within 15 years of cessation; Note: one pack-year is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary. (4) taking a combined oral contraceptive pill for a continuous period of at least five years, commencing at least five years before the clinical onset of malignant neoplasm of the cervix, and where taking the combined oral contraceptive pill has ceased, the clinical onset of malignant neoplasm of the cervix has occurred within 15 years of cessation; Note: combined oral contraceptive pill is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary. (5) taking an immunosuppressive drug for organ or tissue transplantation at least two years before the clinical onset of malignant neoplasm of the cervix; Note: organ or tissue transplantation is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary. (6) being prevented from accessing clinical screening for cervical precancerous lesions or cervical cancer in accordance with contemporary medical standards of the time, within the seven years before the clinical onset of malignant neoplasm of the cervix, and where: (a) if clinical screening has subsequently resumed, there has been no normal test result; and (b) the opportunity for subsequent clinical screening has not been declined; Note: cervical precancerous lesions and clinical screening for cervical precancerous lesions or cervical cancer are defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary. (7) being prevented from accessing appropriate treatment for cervical precancerous lesions in accordance with contemporary medical standards of the time, between two and seven years before the clinical onset of malignant neoplasm of the cervix; Note: cervical precancerous lesions is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary. (8) inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for malignant neoplasm of the cervix. 10 Relationship to service (1) The existence in a person of any factor referred to in section 9, must be related to the relevant service rendered by the person. (2) The factor set out in subsection 9(8) applies only to material contribution to, or aggravation of, malignant neoplasm of the cervix where the person's malignant neoplasm of the cervix was suffered or contracted before or during (but did not arise out of) the person's relevant service. 11 Factors referring to an injury or disease covered by another Statement of Principles In this Statement of Principles: (1) if a factor referred to in section 9 applies in relation to a person; and (2) that factor refers to an injury or disease in respect of which a Statement of Principles has been determined under subsection 196B(3) of the VEA; then the factors in that Statement of Principles apply in accordance with the terms of that Statement of Principles as in force from time to time. Schedule 1 - Dictionary Note: See Section 6 1 Definitions In this instrument: cervical precancerous lesions means changes to cervical cells that make them more likely to develop into cancer, and includes cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 1 or 2, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, mild to moderate dysplasia of the cells of the cervix and atypical glandular cells in the cervix. clinical screening for precancerous lesions or cervical cancer means human papillomavirus testing or Papanicolaou cytology examinations. combined oral contraceptive pill means an oral contraceptive compound containing both estrogen and progestogen. malignant neoplasm of the cervix—see subsection 7(2). MRCA means the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004. one pack-year means the amount of tobacco consumed in smoking 20 cigarettes per day for a period of 1 year, or an equivalent amount of tobacco products. Note 1: An equivalent amount of tobacco products is 7,300 grams of smoking tobacco by weight, either in cigarettes, pipe tobacco or cigars, or a combination of same. For pipe tobacco, cigars or combinations of multiple tobacco types, 1 gram of tobacco is considered to be equal to one cigarette. Note 2: Pack-years are calculated by dividing the number of cigarettes smoked per day by 20 and multiplying this number by the number of years the person has smoked. For example, smoking 10 cigarettes per day for 10 years is equal to 5 pack-years, and smoking 40 cigarettes per day for 10 years is equal to 20 pack-years. organ or tissue transplantation means the transplantation of: (a) all or part of an organ or tissue; or (b) a substance obtained from an organ or tissue. persistent infection means an infection by the same human papillomavirus type for at least two consecutive years. relevant service means: (a) eligible war service (other than operational service) under the VEA; (b) defence service (other than hazardous service and British nuclear test defence service) under the VEA; or (c) peacetime service under the MRCA. Note: MRCA and VEA are also defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary. specified human papillomavirus means human papillomavirus type 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67, 68, 70, 73 or 82. terminal event means the proximate or ultimate cause of death and includes the following: (a) pneumonia; (b) respiratory failure; (c) cardiac arrest; (d) circulatory failure; or (e) cessation of brain function. VEA means the Veterans' Entitlements Act 1986. Endnotes Endnote 1—About the endnotes The endnotes provide information about this compilation and the compiled law. The following endnotes are included in every compilation: Endnote 1—About the endnotes Endnote 2—Abbreviation key Endnote 3—Legislation history Endnote 4—Amendment history Abbreviation key—Endnote 2 The abbreviation key sets out abbreviations that may be used in the endnotes. Legislation history and amendment history—Endnotes 3 and 4 Amending laws are annotated in the legislation history and amendment history. The legislation history in endnote 3 provides information about each law that has amended (or will amend) the compiled law. The information includes commencement details for amending laws and details of any application, saving or transitional provisions that are not included in this compilation. The amendment history in endnote 4 provides information about amendments at the provision (generally section or equivalent) level. It also includes information about any provision of the compiled law that has been repealed in accordance with a provision of the law. Misdescribed amendments A misdescribed amendment is an amendment that does not accurately describe the amendment to be made. If, despite the misdescription, the amendment can be given effect as intended, the amendment is incorporated into the compiled law and the abbreviation "(md)" added to the details of the amendment included in the amendment history. If a misdescribed amendment cannot be given effect as intended, the abbreviation "(md not incorp)" is added to the details of the amendment included in the amendment history. Endnote 2—Abbreviation key o = order(s) ad = added or inserted Ord = Ordinance am = amended orig = original amdt = amendment par = paragraph(s)/subparagraph(s) c = clause(s) /sub‑subparagraph(s) C[x] = Compilation No. x pres = present Ch = Chapter(s) prev = previous def = definition(s) (prev…) = previously Dict = Dictionary Pt = Part(s) disallowed = disallowed by Parliament r = regulation(s)/rule(s) Div = Division(s) exp = expires/expired or ceases/ceased to have reloc = relocated effect renum = renumbered F = Federal Register of Legislation rep = repealed gaz = gazette rs = repealed and substituted LA = Legislation Act 2003 s = section(s)/subsection(s) LIA = Legislative Instruments Act 2003 Sch = Schedule(s) (md) = misdescribed amendment can be given Sdiv = Subdivision(s) effect SLI = Select Legislative Instrument (md not incorp) = misdescribed amendment SR = Statutory Rules cannot be given effect Sub‑Ch = Sub‑Chapter(s) mod = modified/modification SubPt = Subpart(s) No. = Number(s) underlining = whole or part not commenced or to be commenced Endnote 3—Legislation history Name Registration Commencement Application, saving and transitional provisions Statement of Principles concerning malignant neoplasm of the cervix (Balance of Probabilities) (No. 81 of 2020) 2 November 2020 30 November 2020 F2020L01383 Veterans' Entitlements (Statements of Principles—definition of "one pack-year") Amendment Determination 2022 (No. 94 of 2022) 26 August 2022 19 September 2022 F2022L01128 Endnote 4—Amendment history Provision affected How affected Section 2………………. rep LA s 48D Section 4………………. rep LA s 48C Subsection 9(3) note..... rs No. 94 of 2022 Schedule 1 – Dictionary – one pack-year...…….. rs No. 94 of 2022