Part 121 (Australian Air Transport Operations—Larger Aeroplanes) Manual of Standards 2020 (Cth)

Part 121 (Australian Air Transport Operations—Larger Aeroplanes) Manual of Standards 2020

made under the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998.

Compilation No. 3

Compilation date: 23 November 2024

Includes amendments up to: F2024L01484

Prepared by the Advisory and Drafting Branch, Legal, International and Regulatory Affairs Division, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Canberra. Contents Chapter 1—Preliminary 1 1.01 Name.................................................1 1.03 Authority...............................................1 1.04 Definitions..............................................1 1.05 References to AS/NZS standards, TSOs, ETSOs etc.....................12 1.06 References in type design and certification documents—EDTO..............13 Chapter 2—Extended diversion time operations (EDTO) 14 Division 1—Criteria for the grant of EDTO approval 14 2.01 Scope of Division 1, Chapter 2.................................14 2.02 Turbine-engine aeroplanes....................................14 2.03 Type design and certification documents...........................14 2.04 Capability of aeroplane for EDTO—general.........................14 2.05 Capability of operator—EDTO required system serviceability...............15 2.06 Diversion time for 2-engine aeroplanes............................16 2.07 Diversion time for 3- or 4-engine aeroplanes.........................16 2.08 Polar region............................................16 2.09 Care and safety of passengers and crew............................17 Division 2—Form of application for EDTO approval 18 2.10 Scope of Division 2, Chapter 2.................................18 2.11 Form of application........................................18 Division 3—Factors to be considered by CASA in approving EDTO 20 2.12 Scope of Division 3, Chapter 2.................................20 2.13 Safety compensating factors...................................20 2.14 Capability and competence to conduct EDTO........................20 Division 4—Requirements for conduct of EDTO 21 2.15 Scope of Division 4, Chapter 2.................................21 2.16 Flight planning limitations for all EDTO flights.......................21 2.17 Additional flight planning limitations—EDTO beyond 180 minutes...........21 2.18 Flight dispatch requirements for EDTO............................22 2.19 Dispatch requirements for EDTO beyond 180 minutes...................23 2.20 In‑flight operational procedures for EDTO.....................24 Division 5—General conditions on EDTO approvals 26 2.21 Scope of Division 5, Chapter 2.................................26 2.22 EDTO procedures—flight dispatcher duties.........................26 2.23 Training and checking—flight dispatchers..........................26 2.24 Quarterly EDTO summary reports—2‑engine aeroplanes............26 2.25 Navigation documents for EDTO................................27 2.26 In-flight event reporting for EDTO...............................28 Chapter 3—Carriage of documents and emergency and survival equipment information 29 Division 1—Flight related documents 29 3.01 Carriage of documents—all flights...............................29 3.02 Carriage of documents—flights that begin or end outside Australian territory......30 3.03 Keeping and updating documents etc..............................30 Division 2—Emergency and survival equipment 31 3.04 Information about emergency and survival equipment...................31 Chapter 4—Flight preparation (Part 121 alternate aerodromes) requirements 32 Division 1—Preliminary 32 4.01 Scope of Chapter 4........................................32 4.03 Definition of isolated destination aerodrome.........................32 4.04 Definition of relevant weather conditions...........................33 4.05 Estimated time of use of aerodromes for flight preparation (Part 121 alternate aerodromes) requirements 33 Division 2—Flight preparation (Part 121 alternate aerodrome) requirements 35 4.06 Certain weather forecast requirements.............................35 4.07 Take-off alternate aerodromes.................................37 4.08 Destination alternate aerodromes................................38 4.09 Planning destination alternate aerodrome—exception relating to ICAO landing forecasts or TAF3 40 4.10 Two destination alternate aerodromes for flight.......................41 4.11 Additional requirements—certain alternate and isolated destination aerodromes....41 4.12 Isolated destination aerodromes.................................43 4.13 Portable runway lighting—requirement to plan destination alternate aerodrome....44 4.14 Portable runway lighting at isolated destination aerodromes................44 4.15 Runway lighting where no standby power...........................45 4.16 Runway lighting without standby power at isolated destination aerodromes.......46 4.17 Pilot-activated lighting......................................47 4.18 Pilot-activated lighting at isolated destination aerodromes.................47 4.19 EDTO en-route alternate aerodromes.............................48 4.20 Requirements in Division 2 may be varied..........................51 Division 3—Operational variations of the flight preparation (Part 121 alternate aerodromes) requirements 52 4.21 Operational variation approvals—alternate aerodrome requirements...........52 Chapter 5—Operational flight plans 53 5.01 Pre-flight content of operational flight plans.........................53 5.02 End of flight information for operational flight plans....................54 Chapter 6—Narrow runway width calculations 55 6.01 Scope of Chapter 6........................................55 6.02 Minimum runway width.....................................55 Chapter 7—Fuel requirements 57 Division 1—Preliminary 57 7.01 Scope of Chapter 7........................................57 7.02 Definition of destination alternate fuel............................57 7.03 Definition of contingency fuel..................................58 Division 2—Fuel requirements 59 7.04 General requirements.......................................59 7.05 Amount of fuel that must be carried for a flight.......................59 7.06 Determining amount of fuel that must be carried for EDTO................61 7.07 Requirements for determining fuel before, and monitoring fuel during, flight......62 7.08 Procedures if fuel reaches specified amounts.........................63 7.09 Operational variations—fuel calculations...........................64 Chapter 8—Safety briefings and instructions 65 Division 1—Safety briefing cards 65 8.01 Safety briefing cards.......................................65 Division 2—Requirements for safety briefing, instructions and demonstrations 66 8.02 Scope of Division 2, Chapter 8.................................66 8.03 Safety briefing, instructions and demonstrations before take-off..............66 8.04 Safety instructions during flight.................................67 Chapter 9—Performance 69 Division 1—Take-off performance requirements: jet-driven aeroplanes and certain propeller-driven aeroplanes 69 9.01 Scope of Division 1, Chapter 9.................................69 9.01A Application of this Division..................................69 9.02 Maximum permitted take-off weight..............................69 9.03 Take-off distance requirements.................................70 9.04 Net take-off flight path requirements..............................70 9.05 Gross gradient requirements—take-off configuration....................73 9.06 Level flight acceleration manoeuvre requirements......................73 9.07 Gross gradient requirements—en route configuration....................74 9.08 En route requirements......................................74 Division 1A—Take-off performance requirements: propeller-driven aeroplanes with maximum take-off weight not more than 5 700 kg 76 9.08A Scope of Division 1A, Chapter 9...............................76 9.08B Application of this Division..................................76 9.08C Definitions for this Division..................................76 9.08D Meaning of factored take-off run...............................76 9.08E Approval of take‑off factor for aeroplanes....................77 9.08F Maximum permitted take-off weight.............................77 9.08G Take-off requirements.....................................77 9.08H Initial climb performance and obstacle clearance.....................78 9.08J Take-off requirements—additional requirements for aeroplanes with maximum take-off weight more than 3 500 kg 78 9.08K En route obstacle clearance for multi‑engine aeroplane............79 Division 2—Landing performance 80 9.09 Scope of Division 2, Chapter 9.................................80 9.10 Pre-flight landing requirements—dry runway........................80 9.11 Pre-flight landing requirements—wet or contaminated runway..............81 9.12 Certain aerodromes—planned missed approach climb requirements...........81 9.13 Landing distance—in-flight requirements...........................82 Chapter 10—Weight and balance 85 10.01 Standard weights........................................85 10.02 Weight and balance documents................................86 Chapter 11—Equipment 88 Division 1—General 88 11.01 Purpose of Chapter 11.....................................88 11.02 Standards etc...........................................88 11.03 Aeroplane operator—Chapter 11 requirements.......................88 Division 2—Approvals, visibility and inoperative equipment 90 11.04 Approval of aeroplane equipment...............................90 11.05 Visibility and accessibility of equipment...........................90 11.06 Serviceability of equipment..................................91 Division 3—Flight instruments 92 11.07 Flight instrument requirements................................92 Division 4—Operational equipment 95 11.08 Radiocommunication systems.................................95 11.09 Navigation equipment......................................95 11.10 Automatic pilot.........................................96 11.11 Equipment to ensure clear view through the windshield..................97 11.12 Internal doors and curtains...................................97 11.13 Survival equipment—remote areas and over water.....................97 11.14 Equipment to measure and record cosmic radiation....................98 Division 5—Lighting systems 99 11.15 Cockpit and cabin lighting requirements...........................99 11.16 Anti-collision lights.......................................99 11.17 Landing lights.........................................100 11.18 Navigation lights........................................100 Division 6—Alerting and warning system requirements 101 11.19 Altitude alerting system and assigned altitude indicator.................101 11.20 Aeroplane flown with inoperative altitude alerting equipment or assigned altitude indicator 101 11.21 Airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS).......................101 11.22 ACAS—requirements for use................................102 11.23 Flight with inoperative ACAS or TCAS..........................102 11.24 Terrain awareness and warning system (TAWS).....................103 11.25 Flight with inoperative TAWS equipment.........................103 11.26 Airborne weather radar equipment.............................103 11.27 Flight with inoperative airborne weather radar equipment................103 Division 7—Flight recorders 104 11.28 Definitions—flight recorders.................................104 11.29 Flight data recorder......................................104 11.30 Cockpit voice recorder....................................104 11.31 Combination recorders....................................104 11.32 FDR, CVR and combination recorder technical requirements..............105 11.33 Use of FDR, CVR and combination recorders.......................105 11.34 Flight with an inoperative FDR, CVR or combination recorder.............106 11.35 Data link recorder.......................................107 Division 8—Aeroplane interior communication systems 110 11.36 Flight crew intercommunication system..........................110 11.37 Crew interphone system....................................110 11.38 Public-address system.....................................111 Division 9—Oxygen equipment and oxygen supplies 112 11.39 Definitions for Division 9, Chapter 11...........................112 11.40 Supplemental oxygen—pressurised aeroplanes......................112 11.41 Supplemental oxygen—unpressurised aeroplanes.....................115 11.42 Oxygen masks usage requirements—pressurised aeroplane above FL 250......115 11.43 Oxygen dispensing units for passengers in a pressurised aeroplane...........116 11.44 Protective breathing equipment—flight crew members.................116 11.45 Portable protective breathing equipment..........................117 11.46 First-aid oxygen equipment—pressurised aeroplane...................117 Division 10—Emergency locator transmitters 119 11.47 Carriage of ELTs........................................119 11.48 ELT must be fitted or carried.................................119 11.49 ELT—basic technical requirements.............................120 11.50 Automatic ELT.........................................120 11.51 Survival ELT..........................................120 Division 11—Portable emergency equipment 122 11.52 Hand-held fire extinguishers.................................122 11.53 First-aid kits..........................................123 11.54 Emergency medical kit....................................124 11.55 Universal precaution kits...................................124 11.56 Crash axe or crowbar.....................................124 11.57 Megaphones..........................................125 Division 12—Equipment for flights over water 126 11.58 Sea anchors etc. and sound signals—seaplanes and amphibians............126 11.59 Life jacket carriage requirements..............................126 11.60 Stowage of life jackets....................................126 11.62 Life raft carriage requirements................................127 11.63 Stowage of life rafts......................................127 11.64 Underwater locating device (ULD).............................128 Division 13—Surveillance equipment 129 11.65 Definitions...........................................129 11.66 Carriage of surveillance equipment.............................131 11.67 Operation of surveillance equipment—general requirements..............132 11.68 Mode S transponders and ADS-B OUT—specific requirements............133 11.69 Alternate GNSS position source for ADS-B OUT—requirements...........135 11.70 Alternate ADS-B OUT equipment configuration—requirements............135 11.71 Aeroplane flown with no operative surveillance equipment...............136 Chapter 12—Flight crew training and checking 137 Division 1—Flight simulator use: specific aeroplane types 137 12.01 Requirement to use flight simulators for certain kinds of aeroplanes..........137 Division 2—Initial training for flight crew 138 12.02 Scope of Division 2, Chapter 12...............................138 12.03 Flight crew—training facilities and devices: initial training...............138 12.04 Flight crew—position description and responsibilities training.............138 12.05 Flight crew—effective communication and coordination................138 12.06 Flight crew—fire and smoke: initial training........................139 12.07 Flight crew—fatigue and fitness for duty..........................140 12.08 Flight crew—general-survival training...........................140 12.09 Flight crew—water-survival training............................140 12.10 Flight crew—first-aid training................................141 12.11 Flight crew—training for passenger handling.......................142 12.12 Flight crew—training in the physiological effects of flying...............142 Division 3—Conversion training requirements for flight crew 144 12.13 Scope of Division 3, Chapter 12...............................144 12.14 Flight crew—training facilities and devices: conversion training............144 12.15 Flight crew—normal, abnormal and emergency procedures: conversion training..144 12.16 Flight crew—crew incapacitation procedures: conversion training...........146 12.17 Flight crew—doors and exits: conversion training....................146 12.18 Flight crew—evacuation slides etc..............................146 Division 4—Recurrent flight training for flight crew 148 12.19 Scope of Division 4, Chapter 12...............................148 12.20 Flight crew—recurrent flight training requirements....................148 Division 5—Part 121 proficiency check 150 Subdivision A—Part 121 proficiency check for pilots 150 12.21 Scope of Subdivision A, Division 5 of Chapter 12....................150 12.22 Proficiency check requirements...............................150 12.23 Cruise-relief co-pilots—proficiency check requirements.................152 Subdivision B—Part 121 proficiency check for flight engineers 153 12.24 Flight engineers—Part 121 proficiency check requirements...............153 Division 6—Annual emergency and safety equipment training for flight crew 154 12.25 Scope of Division 6, Chapter 12...............................154 12.26 Flight crew—training facilities and devices: annual training..............154 12.27 Flight crew—general requirements: annual emergency and equipment training...154 12.28 Flight crew—items of emergency and safety equipment.................154 12.29 Flight crew—doors and other exits for passenger evacuation: annual training....155 Division 7—The 3-yearly emergency and safety equipment training and checking requirements for flight crew 157 12.30 Scope of Division 7, Chapter 12...............................157 12.31 Flight crew—training facilities and devices: 3-yearly training.............157 12.32 Flight crew—3-yearly emergency and safety equipment training............157 Chapter 13—Cabin crew training and checking 159 Division 1—English Language proficiency 159 13.01 Prescribed requirements for English language proficiency................159 13.02 English language tests, education or work experience..................160 Division 2—Senior cabin crew members: training and checking 161 13.03 Scope of Division 2, Chapter 13...............................161 13.04 Senior cabin crew training..................................161 13.05 Senior cabin crew competency checks...........................161 Division 3—Training facilities and devices 162 13.06 Scope of Division 3, Chapter 13...............................162 13.07 Training facilities—general requirements.........................162 13.08 Training devices—general requirements..........................162 13.09 Firefighting training facilities and devices.........................163 13.10 Water-survival training facilities...............................163 13.11 Devices used for training on emergency or safety equipment..............164 13.12 Cabin training devices etc. must be representative....................164 13.13 Devices for emergency evacuation and emergency exit training............165 Division 4—Initial training for cabin crew 166 13.14 Scope of Division 4, Chapter 13...............................166 13.15 Cabin crew—knowledge of aviation, regulations, duties and responsibilities.....166 13.16 Cabin crew—effective communication and coordination................167 13.17 Cabin crew—fire and smoke: initial training........................167 13.18 Cabin crew—general-survival training...........................168 13.19 Cabin crew—water-survival training............................168 13.20 Cabin crew—first-aid training................................169 13.21 Cabin crew—training for passenger handling.......................170 13.22 Cabin crew—training in the physiological effects of flying...............170 Division 5—Conversion training for cabin crew 171 13.23 Scope of Division 5, Chapter 13...............................171 13.24 Cabin crew—fire and smoke: conversion training.....................171 13.25 Cabin crew—doors and exits: conversion training....................171 13.26 Cabin crew—evacuation slides...............................172 13.27 Cabin crew—crew incapacitation procedures.......................173 13.28 Cabin crew—aircraft systems: conversion training....................173 13.29 Cabin crew—normal, abnormal and emergency procedures: conversion training..173 Division 6—Annual training for cabin crew 175 13.30 Scope of Division 6, Chapter 13...............................175 13.31 Cabin crew—general requirements: annual training...................175 13.32 Cabin crew—emergency and safety equipment: annual training............175 13.33 Cabin crew—doors and other exits for passenger evacuation: annual training....176 13.34 Cabin crew—abnormal, emergency and safety procedures: annual training......177 Division 7—Three-yearly training and checking for cabin crew 179 13.35 Three-yearly training requirements.............................179 Chapter 14—Emergency evacuation demonstrations and procedural requirements 180 Division 1—General emergency evacuation procedure requirements 180 14.01 Scope of Chapter 14......................................180 14.02 General requirements.....................................180 14.03 Crew members, emergency exits and cabin configuration etc..............180 Division 2—Aeroplanes carrying more than 44 passengers 181 14.04 Application etc..........................................181 14.05 Emergency evacuation procedures..............................181 14.06 Requirement to conduct demonstrations..........................181 14.07 Demonstration requirements.................................182 14.08 Standards for demonstrations.................................183 14.09 Manner of conducting demonstration............................184 14.10 Demonstrations of ditching procedures only........................186