Commonwealth v Bank of NSW [1949] UKPCHCA 1

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79 C.L.R.] _ OF AUSTRALIA. 497 Dised Goose Gebtav ae Heoee 980) Wales (1953) SECS! {PRIVY COUNCIL] THE COMMONWEALTH AND OTHERS . APPELLANTS ; Parvy DrrEnDants, Counc. AND 1949. Ww BANK OF NEW SOUTH WALES AND ey, 4 RESPONDENTS. 21-25; 28-31'; OTHERS . 3 : eras PLarIntiFrs, Waa, i May 2-5, 9, 10, 23-27, THE COMMONWEALTH AND OTHERS . Appwrianrs; 3% 315 DrFENpDaNTs, sane ue Tuly 26 ; Oct. 26. BANK OF AUSTRALASIA AND OTHERS . ResponpeEnts. woul opie, PLaINtTIFrs, Normand, Morton of Henryton, and Mac Dermott. THE COMMONWEALTH AND OTHERS . APPELLANTS ; DEFENDANTS, AND STATE OF VICTORIA AND ANOTHER : RESPONDENTS. PuaIntTIrrs THE COMMONWEALTH AND OTHERS . APPELLANTS 3 DrFrenDants, AND

STATE OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA AND) Ra a ANOTHER 2 ek eG PLaIntIFrs,

THE COMMONWEALTH AND OTHERS . APPELLANTS ;

DEFENDANTS, AND

STATE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA AND ee eta ANOTHER : ae

PLAINTIFrS,

VOL. LXXIx.-—32

Privy Counc.

1949. Ww THE ComMon- WEALTH v. Bank or NSW.

Constitutional Law (Cth

HIGH COURT [1949.

)—Appeal from High Court to Privy Council—Whether appeal is from judicial act or pronouncement of opinion on question of law— Dertificate of High Court—Cases in which certificate necessary—" Decision of the High Court upon any question . . . as to the limits inter se of the constitutional powers of the Commonwealth and those of any State or States "— Validity of Commonwealth statute attacked in action in High Court on grounds of contravention of 8. 92 of Constitution and also of lack of power otherwise— Order of High Court declaring section of statute invalid—Nothing on face of order to show decision founded on any question of "limits inter se" of constitu tional power—Reasons for judgment showing section held invalid on ground of contravention of 8. 92—Question of ' limits inter se" argued before High Court but not decided—Attempt by Commonwealth without certificate of High Court to appeal to Privy Council against the judgments in so far as they expressed. the opinion that the section contravened 8. 92—Need for determination that challenged section otherwise within power—' Inter se" questions thereby raised before Privy Council—Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse among the States— Banking—Prohibition of private banking—Statute—V alidity—Severability— The Constitution (63 & 64 Vict. c. 12), ss. 51 (xiii.), 74, 92—Banking Act 1947 (No. 57 of 1947), 8s. 6, 11, 46—Acts Interpretation Act 1901-1941 (No. 2 of 1901—No. 7 of 1941), s. 15a.