Nasrallah v R [2021] NSWCCA 207

Court of Criminal Appeal Supreme Court New South Wales Medium Neutral Citation: Nasrallah v R [2021] NSWCCA 207 Hearing dates: 14 July 2021 Date of orders: 01 September 2021 Decision date: 01 September 2021 Before: Bell P at [1] Price J at [30] Hamill J at [56] Decision: (1) Grant leave to appeal. (2) Appeal allowed. (3) Vary the applicant's sentence to commence on 12 December 2020 so that she will be eligible for release to parole on 12 April 2022 and the total sentence expires on 11 September 2023. (4) Appeal otherwise dismissed. Catchwords: CRIMINAL LAW – sentencing – armed robbery – guideline judgment – twenty year old offender with no convictions – history of trauma and neglect – whether sentencing Judge erred in application of "Bugmy principles" – where the applicant was a victim of violence as a teenager – relevance to assessment of moral culpability – impacts of childhood sexual abuse – resort to drugs – error as to commencement date of sentence – sentence varied – appeal otherwise dismissed by majority Legislation Cited: Crimes Act 1900 (NSW), ss 97(1), 195 Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW), ss 5, 44, 47 Criminal Appeal Act 1912 (NSW), s 6(3) Criminal Procedure Act 1986 (NSW), ss 44, 166 Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act 2002 (NSW), s 17 Cases Cited: BT v R [2019] NSWCCA 147 Bugmy v The Queen (2013) 249 CLR 571; [2013] HCA 37 Clarke v R [2015] NSWCCA 232 DBW (a child) v Western Australia [2011] WASCA 206 Devaney v R [2012] NSWCCA 285 at [88] Douglas v The Queen (1995) 56 FCR 465; [1995] FCA 411 DPP (Vic) v Hodgson [2019] VSCA 49 DPP (Vic) v Macarthur [2019] VSCA 71 DPP v Hermann [2021] VSCA Dungay v R [2020] NSWCCA 209 Gibson v Regina [2019] NSWCCA 221 Hanna v R [2020] NSWCCA 125 at [86]-[88] Hordern v R [2019] NSWCCA 138 Hoskins v R [2021] NSWCCA 169 House v The King (1936) 55 CLR 499; [1936] HCA 40 Ingrey v R [2016] NSWCCA 31 IS v Regina [2017] NSWCCA 116 JL v R [2014] NSWCCA 130 Kennedy v The Queen [2010] NSWCCA 260 Kentwell v The Queen (2014) 252 CLR 601; [2014] HCA 37 Munda v Western Australia (2013) 249 CLR 600; [2013] HCA 38 Newman v R [2021] NSWCCA 101 O'Sullivan v R [2019] NSWCCA 261 Parente v R (2017) 96 NSWLR 633; [2017] NSWCCA 284 Park v R [2020] NSWCCA 90 Park v The Queen [2021] HCA Trans 75 Perkins v The Queen [2018] NSWCCA 62 R v AB (unreported, Court of Criminal Appeal (NSW), 7 July 1997) R v Anthony George Reid (unreported, Court of Criminal Appeal (NSW), 24 July 1998) R v AWF (2000) 2 VR 1; [2000] VSCA 172 R v BS-X [2021] ACTSC 160. R v Cattell (2019) 280 A Crim R 502; [2019] NSWCCA 297 R v CDH [2002] NSWCCA 103 R v Dungay [2020] NSWCCA 209 R v Dunne [2003] VSCA 150 R v Fernando (1992) 76 A Crim R 58 R v Gavel [2014] NSWCCA 56 R v Henry (1999) 46 NSWLR 346; [1999] NSWCCA 111 R v Irwin [2019] NSWCCA 133 R v Lattouf (unreported, Court of Criminal Appeal (NSW), 12 December 1996) R v Millwood [2012] NSWCCA 2 R v MJB [2014] NSWCCA 195 R v O'Donoghue (1988) 34 A Crim R 397 R v Sargeant [1974] 60 Cr App R 74 R v Thomson; R v Houlton (2000) 49 NSWLR 383; [2000] NSWCCA 309 R v Van Gelder [2003] SASC 98 Stanton v R [2021] NSWCCA 123 Talbot v The Queen (1992) 34 FCR 100; (1992) 59 A Crim R 383 Texts Cited: Australian Institute of Family Studies, 'The Long-term Effects of Child Sexual Abuse' (2013) 11 CFCA Paper 23 E Nelson et al, 'Association between Self-Reported Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adverse Psychosocial Outcomes: Results from a Twin Study' (2002) 59 Archives of General Psychiatry 139 K Kendler et al, 'Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adult Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders in Women: An Epidemiological and Cotwin Control Analysis' (2000) 57 Archives of General Psychiatry 953 M Cutajar et al, 'Psychopathology in a Large Cohort of Sexually Abused Children Followed Up to 43 Years' (2010) 34 Child Abuse & Neglect 813 Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Australian Centre for Child Protection, Impacts of Institutional Child Sexual Abuse on Victims/Survivors: A Rapid Review of Research Findings (December 2017) 11 Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Final Report (2017) Vol 3 S Dinwiddie et al, 'Early Sexual Abuse and Lifetime Psychopathology: A Co-Twin-Control Study' (2000) 30 Psychological Medicine 41 M Bagaric and G Wolf, "An Argument for Recognising Childhood Sexual Abuse and Physical Abuse as a Mitigating Factor in Sentencing" (2020) 49 Australian Bar Review 227 Category: Principal judgment Parties: Fatma Nasrallah (Applicant) Regina (Respondent) Representation: Counsel: A Moutasallem (Applicant) E Wilkins SC (Respondent)