Stanley v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) [2021] NSWCA 337

Court of Appeal Supreme Court New South Wales Medium Neutral Citation: Stanley v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) [2021] NSWCA 337 Hearing dates: 8 November 2021 Date of orders: 21 December 2021 Decision date: 21 December 2021 Before: Bell P at [1]; Basten JA at [65]; Leeming JA at [141]; McCallum JA at [160]; Beech-Jones JA at [188] Decision: 1. Summons dismissed. 2. Each party to bear her own costs. Catchwords: CRIME – appeal and review – appeal against sentence from Local Court to District Court – District Court dismissed appeal – where District Court judge decided not to order that full-time custodial sentence be served by way of intensive correction order – judicial review – limited to review for jurisdictional error by privative clause in s 176 of District Court Act 1973 (NSW) – where assessment contemplated by s 66(2) of Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW) not undertaken – whether failure to conduct assessment amounted to jurisdictional error JUDICIAL REVIEW – jurisdictional error – applicant pleaded guilty to various offences under Firearms Act 1996 (NSW) – applicant sentenced on basis of agreed facts – Local Court imposed full-time custodial sentence of three years – appeal to District Court pursuant to s 11(1) of Crimes (Appeal and Review) Act 2001 (NSW) – applicant raised submission that sentence of imprisonment should be served by way of intensive correction order – District Court dismissed appeal – whether District Court fell into jurisdictional error when rejecting submission seeking intensive correction order – where s 66(2) of Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW) required District Court judge to assess whether making an intensive correction order or ordering full-time detention was more likely to address applicant's risk of reoffending – whether District Court judge conducted assessment as required by s 66(2) – where s 66(1) expresses that community safety is paramount consideration in deciding whether to make an intensive correction order – whether failure to conduct assessment contemplated by s 66(2) amounted to jurisdictional error SENTENCING – penalties – intensive correction orders – proper approach to exercise of discretion – mandatory considerations – Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW), s 66(2) – whether failure to conduct assessment contemplated by s 66(2) amounted to jurisdictional error – where community safety is paramount consideration in exercising the discretion to make intensive correction order Legislation Cited: Accident Compensation Act 1985 (Vic) Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 (Cth) s 5 Child Protection (Offenders Prohibition Orders) Act 2004 (NSW) ss 5(6), 16F(2) Children (Criminal Proceedings) Act 1987 (NSW) s 48M(2) Crimes (Appeal and Review) Act 2001 (NSW) ss 11, 17 Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW) ss 3A, 4B(1), 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 10A, 12, 17D, 17F(1), 17I, 17J, 21, 21A, 25D, 25F, 30K, 33, 43, 44, 53A, 54B, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 100B, 100P, 101A, Pt 5, Divs 1, 2, 3 Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Amendment (Sentencing Options) Act 2017 (NSW) Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Amendment (Standard Minimum Sentencing) Act 2002 (NSW) Criminal Appeal Act 1912 (NSW) s 5(1)(c) District Court Act 1973 (NSW) s 176 Drug Court Act 1998 (NSW) ss 18H(2), 18I(2) Evidence Act 1995 (NSW) s 17 Federal Courts (State Jurisdiction) Act 1999 (NSW) s 11(1) Fines Act 1996 (NSW) ss 80(5), 89A(5) Firearms Act 1996 (NSW) ss 51(1)(a), 51BA(1), 62(1)(c), 65(3) Graffiti Control Act 2008 (NSW) ss 9E(3), 9F(2), 13F(2) Industrial Relations Act 1996 (NSW) s 179(1) Interpretation Act 1987 (NSW) s 33, 34 Jurisdiction of Courts (Cross-vesting) Act 1987 (NSW) s 13 Justices Act 1902 (NSW) s 146 Liquor Act 1912 (NSW) s 24(1A) Summary Offences Act 1988 (NSW) s 27(2) Supreme Court Act 1970 (NSW) s 75A Vexatious Proceedings Act 2008 (NSW) s 8 Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Regulation 2017 (NSW) cl 12A Cases Cited: Achurch v The Queen (2014) 253 CLR 141; [2014] HCA 10 Anderson v Judges of District Court (NSW) (1992) 27 NSWLR 701 Anisminic Ltd v Foreign Compensation Commission [1969] 2 AC 147 Anjoul v R [2014] NSWCCA 234 Area Concrete Pumping Pty Ltd v Childs (2012) 223 IR 86; [2012] NSWCA 208 Attorney-General (NSW) v Mayas Pty Ltd (1988) 14 NSWLR 342 Australian Heritage Commission v Mount Isa Mines Ltd (1997) 187 CLR 297; [1997] HCA 10 Australian Rail Track Corporation Limited v Dollisson [2020] NSWCA 58 Blanch v R [2019] NSWCCA 304 Blissett v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) [2021] NSWCA 253 Casella v R [2019] NSWCCA 201 Chalhoub v R [2021] NSWCCA 69 Chief Executive Officer of Customs v Labrador Liquor Wholesale Pty Ltd (2003) 216 CLR 161; [2003] HCA 49 Colquhoun v Brooks (1888) 21 QBD 52 Craig v South Australia (1995) 184 CLR 163; [1995] HCA 58 Daniels Corporation International Pty Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (2002) 213 CLR 543; [2002] HCA 49 Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292; [1992] HCA 57 Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) v Emanuel (2009) 193 A Crim R 552; [2009] NSWCA 42; Franklin v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) [2021] NSWCA 83 Gett v Tabet (2009) 254 ALR 504; [2009] NSWCA 76 Gibson v Commissioner of Police (NSW) (2020) 102 NSWLR 900; [2020] NSWCA 160 Gibson v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) (No 2) [2021] NSWCA 218 Hoffenberg v District Court of New South Wales [2010] NSWCA 142 Hossain v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2018) 264 CLR 123; [2018] HCA 34 House v The King (1936) 55 CLR 499; [1936] HCA 40 Houssein v Under Secretary, Department of Industrial Relations and Technology (NSW) (1982) 148 CLR 88; [1982] HCA 2 Jamal v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) [2019] NSWCA 121 Karout v R [2019] NSWCCA 253 Kirk v Industrial Court of New South Wales (2010) 239 CLR 531; [2010] HCA 1 Klewer v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) (No 2) (2020) 101 NSWLR 864; [2020] NSWCA 69 Lunney v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) [2021] NSWCA 186 Macedonian Orthodox Community Church St Petka Inc v Eminence Petar (2008) 237 CLR 66; [2008] HCA 42 Mandranis v R [2021] NSWCCA 97 Markarian v The Queen (2005) 228 CLR 357; [2005] HCA 25 McNab v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) [2021] NSWCA 298 Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Bhardwaj (2002) 209 CLR 597; [2002] HCA 11 Mourtada v R [2021] NSWCCA 211 Muldrock v The Queen (2011) 244 CLR 120; [2011] HCA 39 Muswellbrook Shire Council v Hunter Valley Energy Coal Pty Ltd [2019] NSWCA 216; (2019) 372 ALR 695 O'Reilly v Mackman [1983] 2 AC 237 Parisienne Basket Shoes Pty Ltd v Whyte (1938) 59 CLR 369; [1938] HCA 7 Pelechowski v Registrar, Court of Appeal (NSW) (1999) 198 CLR 435; [1999] HCA 19 Plaintiff M70/2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2011) 244 CLR 144; [2011] HCA 32 Project Blue Sky Inc v Australian Broadcasting Authority (1998) 194 CLR 355; [1998] HCA 28 Public Service Association (SA) v Federated Clerks' Union (SA Branch) (1991) 173 CLR 132; [1991] HCA 33 Public Service Association and Professional Officers' Association Amalgamated Union of New South Wales v New South Wales (2014) 242 IR 338; [2014] NSWCA 116 Quinn v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2021] NSWCA 294 R v Fangaloka [2019] NSWCCA 173 R v Geddes (1936) 36 SR (NSW) 554 R v Hull University Visitor, Ex parte Page [1993] AC 682 R v Hunt; Ex parte Sean Investments Pty Ltd (1979) 180 CLR 322; [1979] HCA 32 R v Pullen [2018] NSWCCA 264 Re Refugee Review Tribunal; Ex parte Aala (2000) 204 CLR 82; [2000] HCA 57 Reysson Pty Ltd v Minister Administering the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 [2020] NSWCA 281 Shade Systems Pty Ltd v Probuild Constructions (Aust) Pty Ltd (No 2) (2016) 95 NSWLR 157; [2016] NSWCA 379 Sydney Seaplanes Pty Ltd v Page [2021] NSWCA 204; (2021) 393 ALR 485 Tasker v Fullwood [1978] 1 NSWLR 20 Wang v Farkas (2014) 85 NSWLR 390; [2014] NSWCA 29 Veen v The Queen (No 2) (1988) 164 CLR 465; [1988] HCA 14 Wany v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) (2020) 103 NSWLR 620; [2020] NSWCA 318 Wei v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2015) 257 CLR 22; [2015] HCA 51 Wong v The Queen (2001) 207 CLR 584; [2001] HCA 64 Texts Cited: M Aronson, "Jurisdictional Error Without the Tears" in M Groves and H P Lee, Australian Administrative Law: Fundamentals, Principles and Doctrines (2007, Cambridge University Press) M Aronson, M Groves and G Weeks, Judicial Review of Administrative Action and Government Liability (6th ed, 2017, Lawbook Co) F A R Bennion, Statutory Interpretation: A Code (3rd ed, 1997, Butterworths) L L Jaffe, "Judicial Review: Constitutional and Jurisdictional Fact" (1957) 70 Harvard Law Review 953 C Ringland and D Weatherburn, "The Impact of Intensive Correction Orders on Reoffending", Crime and Justice Bulletin, No 176, December 2013 Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Amendment (Sentencing Options) Bill 2017, Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 11 October 2017 Second Reading Speech, Legislative Assembly, New South Wales, Crimes (Sentencing Legislation) Amendment (Intensive Correction Orders) Bill 2010 (NSW) New South Wales Law Reform Commission, Sentencing (Report No 139, July 2013) Category: Principal judgment Parties: Emma-Jane Stanley (Applicant) Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) (First Respondent) District Court of New South Wales (Second Respondent) (submitting appearance) Representation: Counsel: