Bondi Beach Foods Pty Ltd v Chadwick [2023] NSWCA 265

Court of Appeal Supreme Court New South Wales Medium Neutral Citation: Bondi Beach Foods Pty Ltd v Chadwick [2023] NSWCA 265 Hearing dates: 20, 21 September 2023 Decision date: 09 November 2023 Before: Gleeson JA at [1]; Leeming JA at [2]; Payne JA at [288] Decision: 1. Bucket List's appeal allowed in part. 2. Crossguard's cross-appeal allowed in part. 3. Mr Chadwick's cross-appeal dismissed. 4. Set aside order 1 made on 9 March 2023, namely, "Verdict for the plaintiff against the first and second defendants for $200,706.40" and in lieu thereof enter judgment in favour of the plaintiff against the first and second defendants in the amount of $112,941.50, such judgment to be taken to have been entered on 9 March 2023. 5. Set aside order 2 made on 20 March 2023. 6. The parties to have leave to file and serve agreed orders within 14 days of today, or in the absence of agreement, short submissions not exceeding 3 pages as to the orders for costs of the proceedings in this Court, with each party having leave to file and serve short submissions not exceeding 2 pages in reply within 7 days thereafter. Catchwords: NEGLIGENCE – duty of care – duties owed by occupier of licensed premises and security contractor to patrons – breach – whether defendants had knowledge of aggressive character of particular patrons – whether defendants should have turned out particular patrons before plaintiff arrived –distinction between RSA marshals and licensed security guards – whether defendants breached duty by having no licensed security guards on premises – whether defendants should have separated plaintiff from particular patrons after altercation commenced – causation – whether plaintiff established that had defendants not breached their duties of care, particular patrons would have been excluded before his arrival – whether sufficient time between commencement of altercation and plaintiff being struck for licensed security guards to intervene – contributory negligence – extent of plaintiff's contribution to harm suffered when another patron struck him – statutory contribution – nature and extent of breaches of duty by occupier and security contractor – damages – economic loss – challenge to assessment – non-compliance with Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW) s 13 Legislation Cited: Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), ss 5B, 5C, 5E, 13 Evidence Act 1995 (NSW), s 78 Interpretation Act 1987 (NSW), s 68(3) Liquor Act 2007 (NSW), ss 7, 9, 22-24, 28, 77 Liquor Amendment (Miscellaneous) Regulation 2017 (NSW), Sch 1, item 15 Security Industry Act 1997 (NSW), ss 4, 6AA(6), 7 Security Industry Regulation 2016 (NSW), Sch 1, cll 8, 30, 53G(5), 53H(5) Cases Cited: Adeels Palace Pty Ltd v Moubarak (2009) 239 CLR 420; [2009] HCA 48 Australian Health & Nutrition Association Ltd v Hive Marketing Group Pty Ltd (2019) 99 NSWLR 419; [2019] NSWCA 61 Banque Bruxelles Lambert SA v Eagle Star Insurance Co Ltd [1997] AC 191; [1996] UKHL 10 Boensch v Pascoe (2019) 268 CLR 593; [2019] HCA 49 Brighten v Traino [2019] NSWCA 168 Chandler v Transport for New South Wales [2023] NSWCA 6; 103 MVR 265 Clancy v Plaintiffs A, B, C and D; Bird v Plaintiffs A, B, C and D [2022] NSWCA 119 Commercial Union Assurance Co of Australia Ltd v Ferrcom Pty Ltd (1991) 22 NSWLR 389 Commissioner of Police, NSW Police Force v TM [2023] NSWCA 75 Commonwealth v Amann Aviation Pty Ltd (1991) 174 CLR 64; [1991] HCA 54 Cowell v The Rosehill Racecourse Co Ltd (1937) 56 CLR 605; [1937] HCA 17 Darnley v Croydon Health Services NHS Trust [2017] EWCA Civ 151 Director-General, Department of Trade and Investment, Regional Infrastructure and Services v Lewis [2012] NSWCA 436; 301 ALR 420 Fink v Fink (1946) 74 CLR 127; [1946] HCA 54 Fox v Percy (2003) 214 CLR 118; [2003] HCA 22 House v The King (1936) 55 CLR 499; [1936] HCA 40 Lee v Lee (2019) 266 CLR 129; [2019] HCA 28 Massoud v Nationwide News Pty Ltd; Massoud v Fox Sports Australia Pty Ltd (2022) 109 NSWLR 468; [2022] NSWCA 150 Modbury Triangle Shopping Centre Pty Ltd v Anzil (2000) 205 CLR 254; [2000] HCA 61 Oxlade v Gosbridge Pty Ltd [1998] NSWCA 167 Paul v Cooke (2013) 85 NSWLR 167; [2013] NSWCA 311 Penrith City Council v Parks [2004] NSWCA 201 Podrebersek v Australian Iron & Steel Pty Ltd [1985] HCA 34; (1985) 59 ALJR 492 Quintano v BW Rose Pty Ltd [2009] NSWSC 446 Radin v The Law Society of New South Wales [1997] NSWCA 257 Sam v Atkins [2005] EWCA Civ 1452 Sergeant John Lawrie v Tameeka Pty Ltd [2015] NSWSC 1513 Southern v Adventure Forest Ltd [2016] EWCA Civ 1178 State of New South Wales v Thomlinson (2018) 98 NSWLR 315; [2018] NSWCA 151 Taitoko v R [2020] NSWCCA 43 Venues NSW v Kane [2023] NSWCA 192 Wagstaff v Haslam (2007) 69 NSWLR 1; [2007] NSWCA 28 Wallace v Kam (2013) 250 CLR 375; [2013] HCA 19 Woolworths Ltd v Lister [2004] NSWCA 292 Zorom Enterprises Pty Ltd v Zabow (2007) 71 NSWLR 354; [2007] NSWCA 106 Texts Cited: J Goudkamp, "Breach of Duty: A Disappearing Element of the Action in Negligence?" (2017) 75 Cambridge Law Journal 480 T Weir, Introduction to Tort Law (2nd ed Oxford University Press 2006) Category: Principal judgment Parties: Bondi Beach Foods Pty Ltd (Appellant; First Respondent to First Cross-Appeal; Second Respondent to Second Cross-Appeal) Clinton Chadwick (First Respondent to Appeal and Second Cross-Appeal; Cross-Appellant in First Cross-Appeal) Crossguard Group Pty Ltd (Second Respondent to Appeal and First Cross-Appeal; Cross-Appellant in Second Cross-Appeal) Representation: Counsel: P Morris SC (Bondi Beach Foods Pty Ltd) D Lloyd SC and M Kalyk (Clinton Chadwick) N Polin SC (Crossguard Group Pty Ltd)