Land and Environment Court New South Wales Medium Neutral Citation: Sharjag Pty Limited v Wingecarribee Shire Council [2024] NSWLEC 1501 Hearing dates: 6 and 7 August 2024 Date of orders: 21 August 2024 Decision date: 21 August 2024 Jurisdiction: Class 1 Before: Horton C Decision: The Courts orders that: (1) The appeal is upheld. (2) Development application No 23/0017 for the demolition of the remaining on-site structures and construction of a 2-storey retail and commercial building at 277 and 279-293 Bong Bong Street, Bowral (Lots 2791 and 2792 in DP 1107202 and Lot 2 in DP 1125539) is determined by the grant of consent, subject to conditions of consent at Annexure A. (3) All exhibits are returned except for Exhibits A, E, H and G. Catchwords: DEVELOPMENT APPLICATION: commercial premises in E1 Local Centre – likely impacts of development – whether car parking credits apply to the site – whether car parking arrangements are acceptable Legislation Cited: Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, s 8.7 State Environmental Planning Policy (Resilience and Hazards) 2021, s 4.6 Wingecarribee Local Environmental Plan 2010, cll 1.2, 5.10, Sch 5 Cases Cited: Bowral Garage Development Pty Ltd v Wingecarribee Shire Council [2021] NSWLEC 1032 Texts Cited: Austroads Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice 1993 Bowral Township Development Control Plan 2021 Category: Principal judgment Parties: Sharjag Pty Limited (Applicant) Wingecarribee Shire Council (Respondent) Representation: Counsel: M Staunton (Applicant) Dr J Smith (Respondent) Solicitors: McCullough Robertson Lawyers (Applicant) Sparke Helmore Lawyers (Respondent) File Number(s): 2023/314091 Publication restriction: Nil Judgment 1. COMMISSIONER: A combination of plywood hoarding and cyclone mesh fencing surrounds a site on the corner of Bong Bong Street and Wingecarribee Street, Bowral, on which development is proposed. 2. Until recently, the site was occupied by commercial premises. A fire in 2021 so damaged the buildings on the site that the structures were substantially demolished, and the hoarding and fencing erected. 3. On 11 July 2022, the Applicant in these proceedings lodged development application No 23/0017 seeking consent for the demolition of the structures that remained on the site, and construction of a two-storey retail and commercial building at Nos 277 and 279-293 Bong Bong street, Bowral. 4. On 23 August 2023, the development application was referred to the Wingecarribee Local Planning Panel, and was subsequently refused. 5. The Applicant filed an appeal under s 8.7 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EPA Act) on 4 October 2023 and, on 27 May 2024 and 6 June 2024, was granted leave to amend the DA. 6. The parties agree that the contentions initially pressed by the Respondent in its Amended Statement of Facts and Contentions (Exhibit 1) are now substantially resolved, but for how car parking should be addressed. 7. In essence, the Respondent relies upon the provisions in the relevant development control plan to determine the car parking rates for retail, office and commercial premises. 8. By contrast, the Applicant seeks to rely firstly upon car parking credits, calculated on the basis of the development that was operational prior to the fire that destroyed the property, and secondly on the availability of car parking in the vicinity of the site. The site and its context 1. The site consists of three lots, legally identified as Lot 2 in DP 1125539, and Lots 2791 and 2792 in DP 1107202 which together comprise an area of 1,628m2. 2. The site presents a frontage of 36m to Bong Bong street and a frontage of 44.855m to Wingecarribee Street, where existing vehicular access is located, adjoining the neighbouring property at No 18 Station Street. 3. The site is located within the Bowral Town Centre, in which development is predominantly one and two-storey commercial development. 4. The site is also located within the E1 Local Centre zone, according to the Wingecarribee Local Environmental Plan 2010 (WLEP), in which development for the purposes of commercial premises is permitted where consistent with the objectives for development in the E1 zone that are: • To provide a range of retail, business and community uses that serve the needs of people who live in, work in or visit the area. • To encourage investment in local commercial development that generates employment opportunities and economic growth. • To enable residential development that contributes to a vibrant and active local centre and is consistent with the Council's strategic planning for residential development in the area. • To encourage business, retail, community and other non-residential land uses on the ground floor of buildings. • To generally conserve and enhance the unique sense of place of business centre precincts by ensuring new development integrates with the distinct urban scale, character, cultural heritage and landscape setting of the precincts, particularly when located within a heritage conservation area or where the development may impact a heritage item. • To ensure adequate provision is made for infrastructure that supports the viability of business centre precincts, including public car parking, traffic management facilities, public transport facilities, cyclist facilities, pedestrian access paths, amenities, facilities for older people and people with disabilities and general public conveniences. • To maximise the efficient use of land in business centre precincts to promote more compact and accessible places. • To ensure new development has regard to the character and amenity of adjacent and nearby residential areas. 1. While the site is not listed for its heritage significance, and is not located within a heritage conservation area, the site is located close to a number of heritage items. A face brick building diagonally opposite the site, at No 294 Bong Bong Street, identified in Sch 5 of the WLEP as the 'Commonwealth Bank', is identified as an item of local heritage significance. The heritage experts agree that the proposed development does not adversely impact heritage items in the vicinity of the site, in accordance with cl 5.10 of the WLEP, and the proposal is supported by a Statement of Heritage Impact prepared by John Oultram Heritage & Design dated July 2022 (Exhibit A, Tab 13). Traffic 1. The Respondent contends that the proposal is inconsistent with the objectives and controls of the Bowral Township Development Control Plan 2021 (Bowral DCP) in respect of car parking. The consequence of the inconsistency is adverse to pedestrians, parking and traffic impacts in the town centre. 2. In particular, when the uses proposed on the site are considered, insufficient parking for vehicles has been provided. 3. General provisions applicable to all land in the Bowral township are contained in Part A of the Bowral DCP, including Part A2.2.2 'Urban Function' that is in the following terms: "A2.2.2 Urban Function New development can also impact on the existing functional amenity of a locality. Traffic, parking, pedestrian access and streetscape all contribute to resident and visitor convenience, safety and enjoyment and Council constantly seeks to improve urban function throughout the town. While not all development can make a positive contribution to these improvements, Council certainly expects that new development will in no way have a detrimental impact on such function. In assessing a land use application, Council will consider the extent to which the proposal contributes to the achievement of both zone objectives and the following Urban Function objectives: (a) Improvement of traffic and parking management within the town. (b) Minimisation of vehicular and pedestrian conflicts. (c) Provision of a safe and accessible network of pedestrian links throughout the town. (d) Improvement of connections to public transport facilities." 1. However, the Bowral DCP deals with Car Parking more particularly at Part B, Section 4 'On-site Car Parking'. 2. Part B4.1 states, by way of introduction: "All new commercial development must make adequate provision for the off-street parking of cars associated with it, either by providing on-site parking, or by making a contribution towards the provision of public car parks. Where on-site parking is provided, the development must ensure that vehicular access to and from the site is safe and does not impede traffic flow. This Section of the DCP should be read in conjunction with Councils Engineering Design and Construction Specifications." 1. The objectives of the section, at Part B4.2, provide relevantly: "Council's vehicular access and off-street parking controls seek to achieve the following objectives: (a) To ensure that adequate off-street parking is provided in conjunction with development in order to discourage the use of streets for the parking of vehicles associated with additional traffic generated by new developments. (b) To provide communal public car parking in appropriate areas, funded from developer contributions, where the development cannot accommodate adequate on-site parking, and/or where Council chooses to aggregate parking into a centralised location(s). (c) To ensure that car parking areas are safe and functional. (d) To ensure that parking supply is equitable and include at least the minimum number of accessible spaces in accordance with AS2890 series. (e) To ensure that car parking areas are visually attractive. To ensure that vehicular access points to the site are located to minimise danger or disruption to vehicles and pedestrians on the public street system (f) To ensure that vehicular access points to the site are located to minimise danger or disruption to vehicles and pedestrians on the public street system." 1. Certain definitions at Part B4.3 are agreed to be relevant to the requirement for, and calculation of, car parking, such as: "(a) Redevelopment means the total demolition of buildings on a site or the demolition to such an extent where the character of the existing development is changed, and the replacement with a new building and or usage. (b) Gross Leaseable Floor Area means the sum of the areas of each floor of a building where the area of each floor is taken to be the area within the internal faces of the walls including stock storage areas and aisles but excluding stairs, amenities, lifts, corridors and other public areas, but only, where they are not associated with the use of the site, eg dining area, display of goods. (c) Gross floor area means the sum of the areas of each floor of a building where the area of each floor is taken to be the area within the outer face of the external closing walls excluding: (i) columns, fin walls, sun control devices or any other elements, projections or works outside the general line of the outer face of the external wall; (ii) lift towers, cooling towers, machinery and plant rooms and ancillary storage space and vertical air-conditioning ducts; (iii) car parking needed to meet any requirements of the Council and any internal access thereto; (iv) space for the loading and unloading of goods (source – Environmental Planning & Assessment Act Model Provisions 1980); (d) Floor means that space within a building which is situated between one floor level and the floor level next above or if there is not floor above, the ceiling or roof above; (e) Shop means retail premises that sell groceries, personal care products, clothing, music, home wares, stationery, electrical goods or other items of general merchandise, and may include a neighbourhood shop, but nor include food and drink premises or restricted premises. For the purpose of calculating car parking requirements, the following sub-categories of the standard definition of a shop shall be used: (i) Small shop: Gross Floor Area up to and including 150m² AND serviced by a small rigid type vehicle (up to 6.4 metres in length) AND has a maximum delivery frequency of 2 times per week. (ii) Medium shop: Gross Floor Area up to and including 151m² to 1000m² AND serviced by a medium rigid type vehicle (up to 8.8 metres in length) AND has a maximum delivery frequency of 2 times per week. (iii) Large shop: Gross Floor Area of 1001m² or more OR serviced by a heavy rigid type vehicle (up to 12.5 metres in length) OR an articulated vehicle (up to 19 metres in length) OR any shop with a delivery frequency of more than 2 times per week." 1. Part B4.4 sets out requirements for parking in circumstances where a proposal is characterised as New Development, or Redevelopment, as defined in accordance with Part B4.3. 2. Part B4.5 sets out requirements for parking where development is characterised as alterations or additions to existing buildings. 3. Parking rates are set out at Table B5.4, to which the experts directed their attention, however the proposal is for just 2 car parking spaces on site. 4. The Respondent submits that such an outcome is not consistent with Part A2.2.2 of the Bowral DCP that provides relevantly: "(a) Improvement of traffic and parking management with the town. (b) Minimisation of vehicular and pedestrian conflicts …" 1. The Court was assisted in its consideration of traffic and parking matters by the expert evidence of Mr Ross Nettle on behalf of the Applicant and Mr Matthew McCarthy on behalf of the Respondent who conferred in the preparation of a joint expert report (Exhibit 4). 2. However, at the commencement of the hearing, the parties agreed further conferral would provide the opportunity to correct certain assumptions made by the experts in calculating the parking requirements applicable to the site. 3. The Court directed the traffic experts to confer jointly with the planning experts, Mr Brad Delapierre for the Applicant and Mr Jeremy Swan for the Respondent, and a supplementary joint expert report was filed prior to the commencement of the hearing on the second day (Exhibit 6). Parking requirements 1. In Table 1 of the supplementary joint expert report, the traffic and planning experts set out their agreement that the car parking required for the proposed development, by reference to Bowral DCP, is 84.9 car spaces, and that 2 are proposed to be provided. 2. In Table 2 of the supplementary joint expert report, Mr Nettle and Mr Delapierre calculate the car parking provision of the previous development on the site, resulting in a total of 105.54 vehicles. 3. The initial difference was explained by uses broadly defined as commercial in nature. For example, firstly, by whether the proposed bakery is considered a 'shop' or 'fast food' outlet; secondly whether the proposed book store is considered 'retail/commercial' or a 'shop' and thirdly, whether the tenancy identified as a 'Dick Smith' tenancy, is 'retail/commercial' or a 'shop'. 4. The import of the tenancies so defined is found at Part B4.3 of the Bowral DCP, re-produced at [20]. 5. That said, the Applicant does not press the agreement of its experts, but yields to the figures at Table 4 of the supplementary joint expert report that calculate the car parking required for the previous development on the site to be 92.2 and the requirement for the proposed development is 85 spaces. 6. Once the 2 car parking spaces proposed are also accounted for, there are seven fewer car parking spacesrequired in the proposed development than in the previous development. 7. As such, the Applicant submits that the proposal reduces demand generated by the development, when compared with the previous development and so is consistent with Part A2.2.2 of the Bowral DCP. Furthermore, it improves traffic and parking management within the town, as it avoids further inducing vehicles to enter the town centre that could be regarded as a means of minimising vehicular and pedestrian conflicts. Additionally, the removal of the existing kerb crossing on Wingecarribee Street facilitates the addition of on-street parking to that also improves traffic and parking management and minimises vehicular and pedestrian conflicts. Whether parking credits apply to the site 1. In the joint expert report, Exhibit 4, Mr McCarthy does not express an opinion on whether parking credits should apply to the site, other than to provide an assessment of car parking spaces in either scenario. 2. The Respondent argues that Part B4.5 of the Bowral DCP applies, by virtue of its heading, to alterations and additions to existing buildings, whereas in this case, it is commonly held that the development is properly defined as 'redevelopment' in accordance with Part B4.3(a) of the Bowral DCP. 3. In such circumstances, Part B4.4 of the Bowral DCP stipulates the number of car parking spaces is to be determined by the Table B5.4 for all types of commercial development. 4. Furthermore, Part B4.8 of the Bowral DCP only further supports the provision of on-site car parking, stating: "a) In circumstances where it is not physically possible or where, for traffic reasons or otherwise, it is impracticable to provide on-site, the total number of parking spaces required under this Plan, the applicant shall make appropriate arrangements for the provision of the car parking shortfall with Council. b) Council's preferred approach for such arrangements is through a voluntary Planning Agreement (VPA) lodged with the Development Application. Council's adopted policy in relation to Planning Agreements sets out the requirements and process. c) If there is a deficiency in the required number of car spaces, and no Planning Agreement is entered into, or alternative arrangements made, the Development Application may be refused." 1. Additionally, the Applicant's own planning expert, Mr Delapierre acknowledges, at par 3.26 of the joint expert report (Exhibit 3) that a basement is physically possible to provide safe vehicular access to the site, and is not impractical to provide additional parking on the site if desired. 2. Finally, the multiple consents applicable to the site provide the Applicant with options for development should the Applicant wish to activate the site once again after the fire, and with the benefit of an insurance payment of $4.8m. 3. To the extent that the original consent from 1939 is relied on, it descends from a different planning regime and well before the growth in population and vehicle use Bowral has experienced since that time. 4. Where parking credits have been considered by the Court in the Bowral Town Centre, the Court has opted not to exercise the discretion afforded by the Bowral DCP. Applicant's position on parking credits 1. The Applicant submits that the previous development was originally the subject of consent in 1939 at a time – as counsel puts it – of 'horse and cart'. Accordingly, car parking spaces were not conceived of at the time. 2. A succession of approvals then follow the development in 1939, none of which require car parking to be provided on the site, beyond the two spaces provided in the previous development. 3. The experts agree on the number of car parking spaces that accrued to the previous development, and also agree on the number of car parking spaces required by the proposed development. The result is a reduction in car parking demand. 4. I consider the above circumstances to be factually distinct from the circumstances set out in Bowral Garage Development Pty Ltd v Wingecarribee Shire Council [2021] NSWLEC 1032 (Bowral Garage) so as to distinguish the matters. 5. As explained by the Commissioner in Bowral Garage, at [86]: "86 Parking credits are based on the premise that there is a current use for which the parking that is not provided by the development is being catered for on-street, and that it is reasonable that this be continued such that the only parking to be provided is any "new" demand (see FHR Holdings Pty Ltd v Wingecarribee Shire Council at [49] and The Lebanese Moslem Association v Fairfield City Council [2015] NSWLEC 1570 at [37]). The purpose of affording a credit is to acknowledge that there is already an existing reliance on on-street parking to meet an existing parking demand, which will continue with the proposed development." Parking credits apply to the site 1. In this case, as was the case in Bowral Garage, I accept the proposal before the Court is for the redevelopment of the site. So much of the building fabric associated with the previous development is clearly absent that the proposal cannot be described as alterations and additions. 2. In this case, as was the case in Bowral Garage, I accept that redevelopment is dealt with at Part B4.4 and, for whatever reason, at Part B4.5(d) of the Bowral DCP. 3. The provision at Part 4.5(d) permits parking credits to be applied in circumstances where any claim for such credits is substantiated by appropriate documentary evidence and, where unable to demonstrate a previous requirement, the parking rates in Table B5.4 are to be adopted. 4. In this case, the Applicant has, in my view, provided sufficient documentary evidence, in the form of previous consents contained in Exhibit F. Furthermore, as the experts agree as to the parking requirements of the Previous Development, I consider the previous requirements to be adequately demonstrated. 5. Additionally, I consider the exercise of the discretion permitted by Part B4.5(d) of the DCP for the reasons that follow: 1. The circumstances of this proposal are materially different to those usually considered by the Court in Bowral Garage. In this case, the development was razed by fire, and the proposal seeks consent to replicate a similar, although not identical, development that results in a reduction in car parking demand. 2. The site has not provided more than 2 car parking spaces since 1939, so it is reasonable that the development now sought to be redeveloped has accrued parking credits by the passage of time, during which parking has historically been absent from the site but for the two space that are proposed to be retained. 3. While the terms of Part 4.5(d) affiliate the claim for credits to an existing building or usage, the absence of either or both is owed to fire, described by the Applicant as the involuntary demolition of the structures on the site. As it is commonly held the removal of structures from the site was not due to an act of the Applicant, I consider such circumstances worthy of weight when considering whether to exercise the discretion to apply parking credits. 1. While the parking credits, when applied, accommodate the parking requirements in full, I will also now consider the impact of the proposed development on the Bowral Town Centre. Parking surveys 1. The nature of driver behaviour and car parking arrangement in Bowral was the subject of a number of parking surveys. 2. Mr McCarthy conducted parking surveys on Friday 10 May 2024 (Exhibit 4, Annexure K), and Saturday 25 May 2024 (Exhibit 4, Annexure L) which show, according to Mr McCarthy's evidence: 1. The worst case scenario occurs at 12pm noon on a Friday when there were 10 on-street parking spaces available within 200m of the site and 42 spaces within 300m of the site. 2. At the same time, there were four off-street parking spaces available within 200m of the site, and 72 within 300m of the site. Most of the off-street parking is located within the Bowral Train station commuter car park located close by, to the west of Station Street. 3. As such, there were a total of 114 spaces available at 12pm noon within 300m of the site. 4. The worst case period on a Saturday was also at 12pm noon, when 20 on-street car spaces were available within 200m of the site, and 84 within 300m. 5. At the same time, there were 39 spaces available within 200m of the site, and 188 within 300m. 1. Mr McCarthy's written evidence is that the parking required by the proposed development would over-saturate the parking available within 300m of the site, unless the Station Street commuter car park located to the south west of the site (Station Street car park), located more than 300m from the site, is included at which point the car parking capacity of the area is adequate and the result acceptable. 2. According to a Factsheet published by the Respondent (Exhibit J) in April 2020, the Station Street car park was upgraded to provide "long term parking for the town centre" (final page). 3. A parking survey conducted by SECA (SECA Study) (Exhibit 4, Annexure E) was undertaken on Friday 19 May 2023, between 10am-4pm) and Saturday 20 May 2023 (10am-2pm), the results of which are summarised as follows: 1. Friday, 19 May (12pm noon): 22 spare on-street spaces, and 204 spare off-street spaces, for a total of 226 spare spaces. 2. Saturday 20 May 2023 (12pm noon): 34 spare on-street spaces, and 279 off-street spaces, for a total of 313 spare spaces. 1. The SECA Study also found the following (comments below Figure 2 – Parking survey area): "Consistent with earlier studies, parking preferences see people parking in areas closest to what s perceived as the centre of town being Bong Bong Street and parking to the rear of Springetts Arcade. This may reflect the high number of visitors to the town who may not be aware of other parking opportunities or reflect convenience for short shopping trips. Parking is regularly turning over with a space typically available or becomes available whilst circulating. …" 1. A further study was also conducted by the Institute for Sensible Transport to support the preparation of The Wingecarribee Car Parking Occupancy Study (Occupancy Study) (Exhibit F, Tab 2), on behalf of the Respondent, which shows 49% occupancy of on-street car parking spaces, and 39% occupancy of off-street car parking spaces. 2. As it is put by the Applicant, the Occupancy Study finds, in essence, that there are sufficient car parking spaces, but it is difficult for drivers to know where to find them. 3. Mr McCarthy considers the Occupancy Study to have shortcomings, described by him as follows: 1. The study was generated by high resolution aerial imagery which he considers an inaccurate method of identifying parking occupancy. 2. The conclusion that "the utilisation of car parking in Bowral's CBD district is highly skewed. Car parking occupancy is very high in the township's retail and civic core" is consistent with parking surveys undertaken with a walking distance of 300m. 3. The wider a catchment area selected, the greater parking availability can be expected. 1. The significant difference between parking studies, according to Mr McCarthy, is explained by whether or not the Station Street car park is included in the survey. 2. Mr McCarthy takes the view the Station Street car park is so remote from the subject site that it would be discounted by drivers seeking a car park. Instead, drivers would continue to circle an area close to the subject site, causing congestion and putting pedestrians at risk. 3. As I understand it, this is because of behaviour Mr McCarthy relies on from AustroadsPart 13, not provided to the Court, which opines: "Many pedestrians prefer to minimise their walking distance and will often take unusual short-cuts to save even a few steps or a few seconds of time. For example, a vehicle driver will usually attempt to park as close as possible to a retail facility, and yet, within the facility, the total walking distance involved in shopping itself may exceed several kilometres. Acceptable walking distances are highly dependent on trip purpose, total travel time involved, physical conditions, walking environment, and perceived personal safety and security along the route. For example, many school children walk up to 2km to school and people walking for recreation and exercise may walk 4km or more at a time. The practical limit for most non-recreational walking trips is in the order of 1.5km, approximately a 15 minute walk, for the average person with no disabilities." 1. The experts disagree on the appropriate distance from the site that should be assumed in determining the car parking catchment. Whereas Mr McCarthy considers 300m to be the maximum distance safe to assume, Mr Nettle cites research in support of 400m. 2. Mr Nettle argues that the former development on the site operated without onsite parking, without evidence of adverse impacts, and there is ample evidence that uses such as that now proposed on the site are secondary to the principal trip undertaken by a driver of a vehicle. 3. When understood in this way, the choice of a car park would not be based on the subject site as a sole destination, but likely be part of multiple destinations undertaken while the vehicle is parked. In such circumstances, Mr Nettle notes the RTA Guide to Traffic Generating Development (RTA Guideline) (Exhibit K) advises that a 20% reduction in car parking provision may be acceptable. 4. However a close read of the RTA Guideline reveals such discounts "apply to trip generation but not to parking demand." (p 3-7). 5. A further reduction is also suggested by Mr Nettle where development is an 'extension of a centre'. However, I note here that a reading of such a reference at p 3-7 of the RTA Guideline appears more directed to alterations and additions to an existing development, and not to development that, in effect, extends the town centre. 6. Adopting Mr McCarthy's worst case scenario at [55(3)], car parking spaces outnumber the number of parking spaces required by the site – regardless of any reduction on the site's car parking requirement that may or may not be supported by the RTA Guideline. 7. In the event the Station Street car park is also considered within an acceptable walking distance of the subject site, the parking spaces required by the site would be fully accommodated in that car park alone. I note Mr McCarthy agrees that the Station Street car park (south) is suited to long term parking for future staff of the proposed development. 8. While the Respondent cites car parking occupancy rates at Figure 2 of the Occupancy Study, suggesting car parking spaces only become available in Bowral's south, close to Moss Vale Road and Bowral Street, this overlooks the Station Street car park (north), located virtually opposite the site, and which is identified with an occupancy rate of 24% during a peak period. This car park would appear to include 136 spaces, according to Figure 2 of the SECA Parking Survey. 9. A further 191 spaces are recorded in the Station Street car park (south). 10. I accept that the Station Street car park (south) appears to be within a reasonable distance of the subject site. 11. This car park is relatively new and is connected to Station Street via footpaths on both sides of the street. Its purpose, as it is put by the Respondent in a Factsheet (Exhibit J), is to provide "long term parking needs for the Bowral Town Centre". 12. That said, whether or not the Station Street car park (south) serves the site itself, I accept that car parks such as this also add to the overall car parking options in a Town Centre that is relatively compact. 13. A driver seeking long term parking, or intending to visit destinations in the vicinity of Boolwey Street, or Bong Bong Street in the vicinity of Banyette Street, for example, may choose the Station Street south car park over their former preference of the Woolworths or Coles car parks, or other public car parks that are located east of Bong Bong Street, and so may serve to free up a space in that car park for other drivers. 14. I also note the Respondent's Integrated Transport Strategy (the ITS) (Exhibit F, Tab 1) proposes a 'Circulation Plan' for Bowral that diverts through-traffic along Station Street (Figure 20), in preference to Bong Bong Street. In fact, the Circulation Plan will result in "At both ends of Bong Bong Street, entry will be limited to busses and active transport modes." 15. If realised, the Circulation Plan would bring car parking on Station Street closer to the through traffic, and vice versa, and likely shift preferences in drivers who would otherwise have to use the connector streets shown in Figure 20 to access the car parks located to the east of Bong Bong Street. 16. While the ITS is not a document formally adopted by Council in its final form, the Council endorsed the ITS for public exhibition for a period of 28 days at a meeting held 15 May 2024 (Exhibit F, Tab 3). 17. Such a strategy would only serve to bring the Station Street north and south car parks into greater proximity with the town centre, and with the subject site. 18. Having found that parking credits apply to the site, and that the proposal effectively reduces car parking demand on the site from that which was there before, I also accept the evidence in the SECA Study and the Occupancy Study that there is spare capacity in on-street and off-street parking in the Bowral Town Centre. 19. I do not share Mr McCarthy's concern at the veracity of high resolution aerial photography as a method for assessing occupancy. Rather, I accept the submission made by the Applicant that such a method results in an artefact that is able to be interrogated in a manner that traditional methods cannot. 20. I have had regard to the aims of the WLEP at cl 1.2, and find the proposal is not antithetical to any of the aims. 21. When regard is also had to the objectives of the E1 zone, I consider the reinstatement of one on-street car park because of the removal of a kerb crossing, and the relocation of vehicular access from Wingecarribee Street to Station Street to provide car parking and traffic management facility infrastructure, and to contribute positively to pedestrian access paths, and for facilities for older people and those with disabilities by removing a potential conflict between vehicles and pedestrians. 22. Such a contribution is consistent with Part A2.2.2 of the Bowral DCP that seeks an Improvement in traffic and parking management within the town, and the avoidance of further inducement of vehicles to enter the town centre could be regarded as a means of minimising vehicular and pedestrian conflicts, where the provision of a safe and accessible network of pedestrian links throughout the town is also an objective. An objective, it must be said, that appears to be one aspect of the Council's own strategic planning when a potential future 'Circulation Plan' is also considered. 23. The traffic generated by the proposal is not additional to traffic generated by development on the site prior and so does not offend the objectives of the section, at Part B4.2. I do not accept the submission that it is the 1939 consent against which the proposal should be measured, but that for which consent was granted and was in operation until the fire of 2021. 24. Having considered the above, I am of the view the proposed development is deserving of the grant of consent, subject to conditions of consent filed with the Court on 15 August 2024. 25. It is also somewhat relevant to note that public submissions received by the Court in advance of these proceedings (Exhibit G), including business owners in close proximity of the subject site, and a petition signed by 61 petitioners, are entirely supportive of the development. State Environmental Planning Policy (Resilience and Hazards) 2021 1. I have considered whether the land is contaminated and, on the basis of the Statement of Heritage Impact at [13], I conclude it is not, and that it is suitable for the development proposed, in accordance with s 4.6 of State Environmental Planning Policy (Resilience and Hazards) 2021. Orders 1. The Court orders that: 1. The appeal is upheld. 2. Development application No 23/0017 for the demolition of the remaining on-site structures and construction of a 2-storey retail and commercial building at 277 and 279-293 Bong Bong Street, Bowral (Lots 2791 and 2792 in DP 1107202 and Lot 2 in DP 1125539) is determined by the grant of consent, subject to conditions of consent at Annexure A. 3. All exhibits are returned except for Exhibits A, E, H and G. T Horton Commissioner of the Court 314091.23 Annexure A ********** DISCLAIMER - Every effort has been made to comply with suppression orders or statutory provisions prohibiting publication that may apply to this judgment or decision. The onus remains on any person using material in the judgment or decision to ensure that the intended use of that material does not breach any such order or provision. Further enquiries may be directed to the Registry of the Court or Tribunal in which it was generated. Decision last updated: 21 August 2024